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’Ahbínídą́ą́’ ch’ééh niba’ hasht’e’ ’ádííníszin.
morning-Past in.vain 2-wait ready REFL-1-keep.CI’Ahbínídą́ą́’ hashbį’go baa nídiisdzá ’ákondi t’áadoo ’áłtso da.
morning-past 1-clear.I-GO 3-for 1-start.P however but not-yet all NEG’Aoo’, ’ashdladigóó ’oolkiłgo ’áádę́ę́’ shił ná’ílwod.
yes five-at-toward clock-GO there-from 1-with 3-return.P
listen
Yes, I drove back from there at 5 o’clock.
bookmark- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)
- na‘oolwoł return
- -di atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- -dę́ę́’ from a general location or point in space or time, also out of, off offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- transportation
’Ashą́ą́ nít’ę́ę́’ t’áadoo hooyání shaa ’ílwod.
1-eat.Prog past suddenly 1-for 3-drive.P’Atsiniltł’ish dóó tó dayókeedígíí baa ’áłah ’aleeh lá.
electricity and water pl-3-request.I-NOM 3-for meeting DISC’Eii łééchą̨ą’í t’áá ’áko taah yilwo’.
that dog immediately water.into 3-run.UÁt’ah ’inda shaa náádíídááł.
later 1-to again-2-come.FBá’ólta’ísh Jáan ’éí doodaii’ Mary daats’í yich’į’ haadzíí’?
teacher-Q John TOP or Mary perhaps 3-to 3-talk.PBéeso bá hooghandi béeso ch’ééh ’adííníshkeed.
money 3-for house-at money in.vain 1-ask.IBíla’ashdla’ii wolyéii bił dah nahaz’ą́ą́góó t’áá ’ał’ąą bizaad dahólǫ́.
3-fingers-five-NOM 3-be.called-NOM 3-with static areal-3-govern.P-toward just separate 3-language plChidí naat’a’í ’íinilaaígíí háajį’ ninít’a’?
airplane 3-2-make.P-ÍGÍÍ where-up.to 3-fly.PDibé doo deeghánígóó ’ałkéé’ ’idíítąądgo hooghanjį’ náákah.
sheep long.way RECP-follow 3-spread.out.NP home-up.to 3-walk.pl.ProgDibé ła’ yóó’ ’íínilgo k’adę́ę ’e’e’aahgo ch’ééh bíká naanááshwoł.
sheep some away 3-1-lose.P-GO almost evening in.vain 3-after 1-run.around.PDibé tó yił yáánii’á.
sheep water 3-with 3-crowd.PDíí mósí yázhí hooghangóó nááshtééł.
this cat little home-towards 3-1-carry.ProgDoo hanii kintahgóó díníyáa da nisin.
NEG contrary town-toward 2-start.go.P NEG 1-think.CIDoo hanii ni ’ałdó’ nilį́į́’ bik’i dah ’íníił da.
NEG contrary 2 also 2-horse 3-on up saddle 3-2-put.PlO.I NEGDoo yéé shaa yáníłti’go ndiséts’ą́’į́.
NEG fear 1-to 2-talk.DI-GO 2-1-hear.PGohwééh ła’ shaa níkaah.
coffee some 1-to 2-give.OC.IGohwééh nayiisnii’ídiísh bił bééhózin?
coffee 3-3-buy.P-at-Q 3-with 3-know.NIHa’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?
how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.sg.F DISCHa’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?
how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.F DISCHa’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?
how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.F DISCHa’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo ’azee’ál’į́į́góó nisíníyáa da?
why-Q NEG hospital-to 2-go.sg.P NEGHa’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo ’azee’ál’į́į́góó nisíníyáa da?
why-Q NEG hospital-to 2-go.sg.P NEGHa’át’íí biniiyé ’ákǫ́ǫ́ díníyá?
what 3-for.purpose there 2-start.go.PHa’át’íí biniiyé shą́ą́h ńdídááh?
what 3-because 1-passing.by 2-go.IHa’át’íí lá nizhé’é yaa naaghá?
what Q 2-father 3-about 3-do.CIHa’át’íísh nizhé’é yaa naaghá?
what-Q 2-father 3-about 3-do.CIHáágóó díníyá?
where-to 2-go.FHáágóó lá Bíl doogááł nízin Jáan?
where-toward Q Bill 3-go.sg.F 3-want.CI JohnHáágóó lá Bíl doogááł nízin Jáan?
where-toward Q Bill 3-go.sg.F 3-want.CI JohnHáágóó lá díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FHáágóó lá díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FHáágóó shą’ díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FHastiin sání léi’ ’áłchíní bił yanáa’áago yił nahalne’.
man old INDEF children 3-with 3-pile.NI-COMP 3-with 3-tell.CIK’ad ’ałníí’góó ’eeshtł’óół doo yę́ę ła’ damóo yę́ędą́ą́’ t’áadoo ’asétł’ǫ́ǫ da.
now half-toward 1-weave.Prog future past one Sunday when.past NEG 1-weave.P NEGNa’nízhoozhídę́ę́’ shíká bił ’oolwoł.
Gallup 1-for 3-with 3-drive.INa’nízhoozhígóó deeyá, ya’?
Gallup-toward 2-go.sg.F QNa’nízhoozhígóó deeyá, ya’?
Gallup-toward 2-go.sg.F QNa’nízhoozhígóósh díníyá?
Gallup-to-Q 2-go.SPNaaki yiską́ągo Na’nizhoozhígóó shił ’adeeswod.
two yesterday Gallup-to 1-with 1-drive.FNáshdóítsoh shich’į ńdiilwodgo yíníiłdon ńt’éé’ k’asídą́ą́’ sésiih.
cougar 1-toward 3-run.P-GO 3-1-shoot.P past very.nearly 3-1-miss.PNeeznáadigóó ’oolkiłgo ’áłah ’aleeh daaní.
ten.at-toward time-GO meeting pl-4-say.NINimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
2-auntie 3-house-toward 2-run.F and there-at baby 3-to 2-care.CI future
listen
Go to your aunt’s house and take care of the baby over there. (YM 1987:1)
bookmark- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- Future (F)
- yishyeed run
- -jí on the side of, in the direction of, in the manner offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- benefactive
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)
- ’áháshyą́ care
Nimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
your aunt 3-house-to 2-run-and that-way baby 3-for 2-care.FutNizhe’é ha’át’íísh yaa naaghá?
2-father what-Q 3-about 3-do.CIShí ’éí t’áá naanishdóó kingóó déyá.
I TOP just work-from town-to 1-go.IShí ’éí t’áá naanishdóó kingóó déyá.
I TOP just work-from town-to 1-go.IShighandóó ndáá’góó ’ada’iisdee’go nihí ’éí t’áá yiike’.
1-home-from war.ceremony-to 3-go.away.P we.du.pl TOP just 1du-remain.behind.PShighandóó ndáá’góó ’ada’iisdee’go nihí ’éí t’áá yiike’.
1-home-from war.ceremony-to 3-go.away.P we.du.pl TOP just 1du-remain.behind.PShighandóó ndáá’góó ’ada’iisdee’go nihí ’éí t’áá yiike’.
1-home-from war.ceremony-to 3-go.away.P we.du.pl TOP just 1du-remain.behind.PShimá bighangóó náshdáahgo łééchąą’í baná’ástso’.
1-mother 3-house-toward again-1-go-GO dog 3-again-1-feed.RT’áá ’ákwíízhíní tó dah siyínígóó ’ałnánáshdááh.
every summer lake-toward again-1-go.RT’áá ’ákwíízhíní tó dah siyínígóó ’ałnánáshdááh.
every summer lake-toward again-1-go.RT’ááłáhádi kin binída’shiilzhiizh dóó hooghangóó dah ńdiikai.
once-at house 3-into-Pl-1dpl-dance.P home-toward start start-1dpl-go.pl.PT’ą́ą́tsoh táá’góó yoołkáłę́ędą́ą́’ ’ałdó’ Tóta’góó tádííyá.
May three-góó day-past also Farmington-góó 1-went.PT’ą́ą́tsoh táá’góó yoołkáłę́ędą́ą́’ ’ałdó’ Tóta’góó tádííyá.
May three-góó day-past also Farmington-góó 1-went.PTáá’ daats’í shinááhaigo Hwéeldi hoolyéégóó shił dah ’adiiná níigo halne’ łeh shicheii.
three maybe 1-year.P-GO Fort.Sumner areal-be.called-toward 1-with start.off 3-migrate.P 3-say.NI-GOTsé ’ayóí ’áníłtso léi’ tsékooh góyaa hadah ch’ééłmááz.
rock remarkably large INDEF canyon areal-down areal-edge out-3-1-roll.PTsé dzídzahashníiłgo baa naashá, daniidoiigo táchééh góne’ yah ’adoo’nił biniiye.
rock into.fire-3-1-put.P-GO 1-go.I 3-become.hot.P-GO sweathouse into in 3-PASS.put.PlO.F 3-becauseTsxį́įłgo łees’áán ’ánílééh; nimásání nihaa níyá!
quickly tortilla 2-make.I 2-mat.grandma 1.pl-to 3-came.PTsxį́įłgo łees’áán ádíílííł; nimásání nihaa yíghááh!
quickly tortilla 2-make.F 2.poss-mat.grandma-NOM 1.pl-to 3-come.FYiską́ągo naaltsoos naa deesh’ááł.
tomorrow book 2-for 1-move.SRO.FYiską́ągo nighandi naadeeshááł.
tomorrow 2-home-at 2-to-1-go.FThere are currently 1051 entries, 989 audio files, and 0 images.
All content copyright © the Navajo community. (2021)
This lexicon was authored by Devon Denny, Natalie R. Desiderio, Jeremy Fahringer, Theodore B. Fernald, Ronald Gene, Johnny Harvey, Betsy H. Horner, Sammy Largo, Lorene B. Legah, Sharon Nelson, Tyler Tinhorn, and Ronald Yazzie.
Dictionary produced by Ted Fernald, K. David Harrison and Jeremy Fahringer. (2021)
Supported in part with funding from a NSF grant (PI Fernald, Collaborative Research: Training the next generation of Navajo language scientists, Award #1563672).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
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how to cite:
Fernald, Theodore B., Devon Denny, Natalie R. Desiderio, Jeremy Fahringer, Ronald Gene, Johnny Harvey, Betsy H. Horner, Sammy Largo, Lorene B. Legah, Sharon Nelson, Tyler Tinhorn, and Ronald Yazzie. 2021.
Navajo Verb Modes: grammar and examples.
Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages.
http://www.talkingdictionary.org/navajo_verb_mode
Interface and database design under the direction of Jeremy Fahringer and Swarthmore College ITS.
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