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’Adą́ą́dą́ą́’ísh tł’óo’di nanilnishgo nee ’ałní’ní’ą́?
yesterday-Q outside-at 2-work.CI-GO 2-with noon’At’éédísh yiniłtsą́?
girl-Q 3-2-see.P’Éí naanishígíí haa nízahdę́ę́’ binanilnishgo hoolzhiizh?
that work-ÍGÍÍ how 3-long.N-past 3-2-work-GO time.move.PBikáá’ dah ’asdáhí bikáa’gi doodaai’ ni’góó daats’í nishdaah?
chair 3-top-at or floor-on perhaps 1-sit.NIShould I perhaps sit on a chair or on the floor? / I wonder where I could sit, on a chair or on the floor.
bookmarkCh’ah ’éí doodaii’ nák’ee sinilí łizhinígíí daats’í nee hólǫ́’?
hat or sunglasses perhaps 2-with 4-exist.NIDa’ ’ałní’ní’ą́ąjį’ tł’óo’di nishínílnish?
Q noon-until outside-at 2-work.P
listen
Did you work outside up to noon?
bookmark- da’ particle for yes/no questions
- ’ałní’ní’ą́ąjį’ noon-untilfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -jį́’ up to, as far asfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- time
- -di atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- naashnish workfind in Navajo Verb Modes
Da’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDa’ k’ad daats’í ch’iyáán ’áníléehgo ná ’adazh’niiyą́ą́’?
Q now perhaps food 2-make.I-GO 2-for feast.happenDibéésh nee hólǫ́?
sheep-Q 2-with 4-exist.NIDíigi ’át’éegoósh ’ájiił’įįh?
this-at 3-be-GO-Q SUP-4-do.PDíí chąą’ shą’ háádę́ę́’ niníyęęzh?
this manure-Q where-from 3-ooze.PDoo bił bééhózin da ya’?
neg 3-with 3-know.CI neg QHa’át’íí́sh baa hane’?
What Q 3-for be.told.CIhaa + Neuter V
how / what V. The ’h’-expressions formed with ’haa’ plus a neuter verb are used to pose questions about “physical characteristics, quantity, and degree”.
bookmarkhaa nízah nináhálzhishgo shą’
haa nízahdę́ę́’ hoolzhiizh
haa níłnééz
haa yídéetą́ą́’
Haa’í lá neezgai?
where Q 3-hurt.NHaaʼí yeeʼ dibé naakaí?
where-Q show.me sheep 3-walk.around.CIHá’át’íísh hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?
what-Q man and girl 3-3-make.PHáadi lá ’ádeiit’į́?
where-at Q pl-3-beHáadi lá dibé nidahaniih?
where-at Q sheep pl-3-pass-sell.CIHáadi lá lį́į́’ naakai?
where-at Q horse 3-walk.pl.IHáadish nichidí nííníłbą́ą́z?
where-at-Q 2-car 3-2-.park.PHáádę́ę’shą’ díí ch’ah nizhóní léi’ naa yílts’id?
where-from-Q DEM hat 3-beautiful.NI INDEF 2-to 3-move.air.SRO.PHáádę́ę́’shą’ tó ndahohheeh?
where-from-Q water pl-3-2-haul.LPB.IHáágóósh díníyá?
where-to-Q 2-go.IHádą́ą́’ Jáan bighan ’áyiilaa?
When-past John 3-hogan 3-3-make.PHáí lá ’ałhosh?
who Q 3-sleep.IHáí lá́ bá nidáá’?
who Q 3-for 2-enemyway.ceremonyHáí shą’ bił nanilnish?
who Q 3-with 2-work.IJáanísh naalnish?
John-Q 3-work.IK’aa’ísh ’aní’á biyaa doodago daats’í báhátis ’ayiist’oh?
arrow-Q bridge 3-under or perhaps 3-over 3-3-shot.P
listen
Did s/he perhaps shoot arrows under or over the bridge?
bookmark- -ísh enclitic for yes/no questions
- doodago particle or
- daats’í particle for perhaps
- -yaa under, beneath, downfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -tis overfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’adisht’oh be an archer, shoot arrowsfind in Navajo Verb Modes
Mary ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?
Mary what 3-3-buy.PNa’nízhoozhígóósh díníyá?
Gallup-to-Q 2-go.SPNi daats’í nił bééhózin ’éí doodaii’ nicheii daats’í bił bééhózin?
2 perhaps 2-with 3-know.CI TOP or 2-grandfather perhaps 3-with 3-know.CINichidí háadish nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.PNichidí lá háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.PNichidíshą’ háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.PNidlóóhísh ’éí doodago doo daats’í nidlóoh da?
2-cold.X-Q TOP or NEG perhaps 2-cold.X-Q NEGNidlóóhísh doodaii’ dooísh nidlóoh da?
2-cold.X-Q or NEG-Q 2-cold.X-Q NEGNidlóóhísh doodaii’ doo daats’í nidlóoh da?
2-cold.I-Q or neg perhaps 2-cold.I negNizhé’é ha’át’íísh nayiisnii’?
2-father what-Q 3-3-buy.PNił bééhózinísh ’éí doodaii’ nicheii daats’í bił bééhózin?
2-with 3-know.CI-Q TOP or 2-grandfather perhaps 3-with 3-know.CI
listen
Do you know or does your grandfather know?
bookmark- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- accompaniment
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nisin think, wantfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -ísh enclitic for yes/no questions
- doodaii’ particle or
- daats’í particle for perhaps
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nisin think, wantfind in Navajo Verb Modes
Yadiizíníshą’ haa néelt’e’go nínízin?
can-Q how 3.many.N-GO 2-want.NIYiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhídi háadish ’adeeshį́į́ł ninízin?
tomorrow Gallup-at where-Q 2-eat.F 2-want.CI
listen
When you go to Gallup tomorrow where do you want to eat?
bookmark- yiską́ągo tomorrowfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- háá-P.ENCLITIC where
- -sh enclitic for content questions
- -di atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yíshą́ eat itfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nisin think, wantfind in Navajo Verb Modes