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-ísh

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enclitic for yes/no questions

Bá’ólta’ísh Jáan ’éí doodaii’ Mary daats’í yich’į’ haadzíí’?

teacher-Q John TOP or Mary perhaps 3-to 3-talk.P

Bikáá’ dah ’asdáhí bikáa’gi doodaai’ ni’góó daats’í nishdaah?

chair 3-top-at or floor-on perhaps 1-sit.NI

Chidí daats’í bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ niísh chidí nee hólǫ́?

car maybe 3-with 4-exist.N or 2-Q car 2-with 4-exist.NI

Da’ Cubadę́ę́’ tsinaa’eeł nił ní’éél?

Q Cuba-from boat 2-with 3-float.P

Da’ dibé nee hólǫ́?

Q sheep 2-with 3-exist.NI
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Do you have sheep?

Dichin nínízin ya’?

hungry 2-want.NI Q

Dichinísh doodaii’ dibáá’ísh dzinízin?

hunger-Q or thirst-Q 3-4-want.NI

Díidí háísh bichidí?

this who-Q 3-car

Díí haa yit’éego ’atiin?

this how 3-be.NI road
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How is this road?

díkwíí

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how many

Ha’at’iish náádaadi’ní?

what-Q again-pl-3-say.I

ha’át’éegi

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where (at what particular location)

Ha’át’éegishą’ nich’ah nííní’ą́?

where-at-Q 2-hat 3-2-set.down.SRO.P
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Where did you leave your hat? Where did you set your hat down?

Ha’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?

how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.sg.F DISC
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How can I get back onto the main road?

Ha’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo díníyáa da?

why-Q neg 2-go.sg.P NEG

listenloadingplayingSpeaker: Ronald GenelistenloadingplayingSpeaker: Linda Platero

Why didn’t you go?

Ha’át’íí biniiyé ’ákǫ́ǫ́ díníyá?

what 3-for.purpose there 2-start.go.P

Ha’át’íísh biniinaa nanichxǫ’?

what-Q 3-because 2-pout.CI

Ha’át’íísh nizhé’é nayiisnii’?

what-Q 2-father 3-3-buy.P
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What did your father buy?

Ha’át’íísh nizhé’é yaa naaghá?

what-Q 2-father 3-about 3-do.CI

Ha’át’íí́sh baa hane’?

What Q 3-for be.told.CI

Haa’ísh nínígai?

where-Q 2-hurt.I
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Where do you hurt?

Haa’íshą’ neezgai?

where-Q 3-hurt.N

Haaʼísh niʼnis´bąąs?

where-Q 3-1-park.F
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Where should I park?

Hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí lá ’áyiilaa?

man and girl what Q 3-3-make.P
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What did the man and the girl make?

Háadi niyaa hazlį́į́’?

where-at 2-under area-grow.P
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Where did you grow up?

Háadish nichidí nííníłbą́ą́z?

where-at-Q 2-car 3-2-.park.P

háá-P.ENCLITIC

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where. The expressions formed with ’háá-’ have a postpositional enclitic following them which indicates information about direction, location, or path.

Háágóó díníyá?

where-to 2-go.F

Háágóóshą díníyá?

where-to.Q 2-go.F

Hádą́ą́’sh Dibé Nitsaadę́ę́’ néínídzá?

when-past-Q Colorado 3-return.P

Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa lá?

who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P DISC
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(I wonder) who made this boat?

Háí lá bił nanilnish?

who Q 3-with 2-work.I
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I am wondering who you are working with?

Háí lá tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?

who Q boat 3-3-make.P
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Who made a boat?

Háí lá́ bá nidáá’?

who Q 3-for 2-enemyway.ceremony
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Who is enemyway ceremony for?

Jáan, nanilnishísh?

John 2-work.I-Q
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John, are you working?

Kwe’éshą’ haa nízah nináhálzhishgo nináháltį́į́h?

here-Q how 3-long.N-up.to time.move.R-GO rain.R
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How often does it rain here?

Mary ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?

Mary what 3-3-buy.P
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What did Mary buy?

Mary ha’át’íísh nayiisnii’?

Mary what-Q 3-to.buy.I
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What did Mary buy?

Na’nízhoozhígóó deeyá, ya’?

Gallup-toward 2-go.sg.F Q

Naadą́ą́’ lá haa néelą́ą́’ nida’ak’eh biyi’ góne’?

corn Q how 3.much.N 2-cornfield 3-in there

Nichidíshą’ háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.P

Nidlóóhísh doodaii’ doo daats’í nidlóoh da?

2-cold.I-Q or neg perhaps 2-cold.I neg
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Are you cold or not?

Nizhé’ésh ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?

2-father-Q what 3-3-buy.P
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As for your father, what did he buy?

Nił hǫ́zhǫ́ǫ́sh doodaii’ doósh nił hózhǫ́ǫ da?

2-with-happy.NI-Q or neg-Q 2-with happy.NI neg

Ńléí ’asdzą́ą́ sáníshą’ háí ’át’į́?

there woman old-Q what 3-be.N
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Who’s that old lady over there?

Tł’óodiísh t’ah ’áłchíní nidaané?

outside-Q still children pl-3-play.I
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Are the children still playing outside?

Yiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhídi háadish ’adeeshį́į́ł ninízin?

tomorrow Gallup-at where-Q 2-eat.F 2-want.CI