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’Adą́ą́dą́ą́’ shá bíighah ’atah ’adishdiłgo ’i’íí’ą́.
yesterday 1-for 3-passing down 1-play.stick.dice.RI evening’Atsiniltł’ish dóó tó dayókeedígíí baa ’áłah ’aleeh lá.
electricity and water pl-3-request.I-NOM 3-for meeting DISC’Ayóo deesk’aazgo beeldléí ditánígíí biih násh’nah.
very cold-GO blanket 3-thick.NI-ÍGÍÍ 3-into 1-crawl.R’Ayóo łį́į́’ shił naalgeed diní, ’ííshją́ą́shį́į́ díí łį́į́chogii bikáá’ dah ńdaah.
very horse 1-with 3-buck.CI 3-2-say.NI lets.see this stallion 3-on up 2-sit.I’Ałk’idą́ą́’ tł’oh naadą́ą́’ dant’į́įhgo łį́į́’ doodaii’ béégashii da há hada’ał’éés ńt’éé’.
long.ago grass corn 3-ripen.I-GO horse or cow etc. 4-for 3-stomp.I past’Ąąh háá’á wolyéii k’ad doo ’asht’é’égóó bik’ee ntsinisdzá.
credit 3-call.P now neg extremely.neg 3-on-account-of overwhelm.P’Oółháásh lágo.
2-sleep.O don’t’Óshą́ą́’ laanaa’ dichin shi’niiłxį́.
1-eat.O wish hunger 1-3-kill.I-góó
to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a date
bookmark-káá’
-lááh
Béégashii yáázh ła’ shibee’í’diidłííd bik’í niní’ą́.
calf one 1-cattle.brand 3-on 3-1-put.NPCh’ah ’éí doodaii’ nák’ee sinilí łizhinígíí daats’í nee hólǫ́’?
hat or sunglasses perhaps 2-with 4-exist.NICh’ah ’éí doodaii’ nák’ee sinilí łizhinígíí daats’í nee hólǫ́’?
hat or sunglasses perhaps 2-with 4-exist.NIch’ínígóó
Ch’óóshdą́ą́dą́ą́’ Na’nízhoozhídi kééhasht’į́ ńt’éé’.
formerly Gallup-at 1-live.I pastCh’ééh jiyáán hooghangóó dah dii’ągo shee nikihoníłt.
watermelon home-toward up 3-1-move.SRO.P 1-with area-start-rain.PChidí bitiin ’ałts’ą́ą́hjí ’ańt’i’.
Chidí kǫ́ǫ́ ndaajeehígíí t’áá ’ániidígo dahodeezlįįd.
car here 3-run.pl.I-COMP just recently pl-3-become.PChidí sits’ą́ą́’ hashtł’ish yiih yilwodgo t’áá ch’į́į́góó ch’ééh ’ííł’įįd.
car 1-from mud 3-into 3-go.P-GO failure in.vain 1-act.PDa’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDoes s/he have a car or do you have a car?
bookmarkDa’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDa’iidą́ągo sitsilí bilééchąą yázhí náneeskaadí ła’ yá yiidiyiisdláád dóó yaa yiizhjaa’.
1Pl-eat.I-GO 1-brother 3-puppy tortilla some 3-tear.P and 3-to 3-3-give.PDamóo yę́ędą́ą́’ dziłghą́ą́’dę́ę́’ shádí dóó ba’áłchíní bił ’adaashkai.
sunday past.time mountain-top.of-from 1-elder.sister and 3-children 3-with downward-1-go.Pl.PDaniel hahgosh hidilníísh?
Daniel when-Q 3-start.work.IDibé bighan báátis dah yiishte’.
Sheep corral 3-over up 1-climb.PDibé bighan báátis dah yiishte’.
Sheep corral 3-over up 1-climb.PDibé ła’ yóó’ ’íínilgo k’adę́ę ’e’e’aahgo ch’ééh bíká naanááshwoł.
sheep some away 3-1-lose.P-GO almost evening in.vain 3-after 1-run.around.PDíí chąą’ shą’ háádę́ę́’ niníyęęzh?
this manure-Q where-from 3-ooze.PDíí dziłígíí shádi’ááh bich’ijígo ’ałkéé’ ’adíítąąd.
this mountain-Comp southward 3-toward-GO one-behind-another 3Pl-scatter.NPDíkwíísh ninááhai?
how.many-Q 2-winter.NIDlǫ́ǫ́’ ba’áán góne’ yah ’adeeshnii’go dlǫ́’áyázhí shishhash.
prairie.dog 3-hole into down1-3.to.reach.out.hand prairie.dog-little 1-bite.Pdoo --- le’ ’át’éégóó
Doo yéé niiłtsání.
NEG fear .P. 2-1-see-NOMdoochǫǫł --- dooleeł
Doochǫǫł ’át’éego ha’éé’ bik’íhizhdizheeh dooleeł.
ridiculous 3-be.NI-GO 4-clothes 4-spit.P Futuredoozhǫǫgo
Ha’át’íísh Mary nayiisnii’?
What-Q Mary 3-to.buy.IHa’át’íísh Mary nayiisnii’?
What-Q Mary 3-to.buy.IHa’át’íísh nizhé’é nayiisnii’?
what-Q 2-father 3-3-buy.PHa’át’ííshą’ hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?
what-Q man and girl 3-3-make.PWhat did the man and the girl make?
bookmarkHa’ąądi dibé bighan.
areal-other.side sheep 3-corralhaa nízahdę́ę́’ hoolzhiizh
Haa nízahjį’ hanínáshyįh dooleeł t’áá ’ákwíí jį́?
how 3-long.N-up.to 1-rest.R FUT every dayHastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí ’áyiilaa?
man and girl what 3-3-make.PHastiin dóó ’at’ééd lá ha’át’íí ’áyiilaa?
man and girl Q what 3-3-make.PWhat did the man and the girl make?
bookmarkHastiin sání léi’ ’áłchíní bił yanáa’áago yił nahalne’.
man old INDEF children 3-with 3-pile.NI-COMP 3-with 3-tell.CIHáadish nichidí nííníłbą́ą́z?
where-at-Q 2-car 3-2-.park.PHáágóó díníyá?
where-to 2-go.FHáágóó lá Bíl doogááł nízin Jáan?
where-toward Q Bill 3-go.sg.F 3-want.CI JohnHáágóó shą’ díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FHoozdohdi ’éí doo ’ashohodoobéézhgóó deesdoi.
Phoenix-at TOP extremely 3-hot.SPNKin Łánídiísh ’éí doodago Bee’eldííldahsinildi daats’í naniná?
Flagstaff-at-Q TOP or Albuquerque-at perhaps 2-go.around.CIKwe’éshą’ haa nízah nináhálzhishgo nináháltį́į́h?
here-Q how 3-long.N-up.to time.move.R-GO rain.RKwe’éshą’ haa nízah nináhálzhishgo nináháltį́į́h?
here-Q how 3-long.N-up.to time.move.R-GO rain.RMary ha’át’íí yinízin?
Who-Q what 3-3-want.NINa’ahóóhaii Ya’iijááshtsoh bini góne’ nída’adleeh.
July 3-in 3-into rodeo 3-Pl-SUP-be.RNa’ńle’dii. Tó háníyá, tóhą́ą ’ásdįįd lá.
dismay water areal-1.go 3-disappear.P DISCNaadą́ą́’ lá haa néelą́ą́’ nida’ak’eh biyi’ góne’?
corn Q how 3.much.N 2-cornfield 3-in thereNaakidi tsin sitą́ądi daats’í kinaaldá bił ’ahééniijéé’.
two mile 3-run.pl.P-at maybe purberty.ceremony 3-with RECIP-1dpl-run.pl.PNáshdóí yę́ę noonéełgo wónáásdóó k’adę́ę ’ádįįh jiní.
wildcat former 3-die.off.Prog-GO soon nearly 3-extinct.I 4-say.NINił bééhózinísh ’éí doodaii’ nicheii daats’í bił bééhózin?
2-with 3-know.CI-Q TOP or 2-grandfather perhaps 3-with 3-know.CINił hǫ́zhǫ́ǫ́sh doodaii’ doósh nił hózhǫ́ǫ da?
2-with-happy.NI-Q or neg-Q 2-with happy.NI negAre you happy or not happy? (YM 1987:459)
bookmarkNiłísh bééhosin doodaii’ biłísh bééhozin?
2-with-Q 3-know.CI or 3-with-Q 3-know.CINíyolgo t’áá ’áko niishch’ił.
wind-GO immediately 3-blink.Unéishjį́į́h
R mode-1-become black, get sunburned.RShá bíighah ’azee’ál’į́įdi sédá.
sun proportionate medicine 3-make.I 1-sit.SPNShééhonísinísh?
1-2-know.NI-QShicheii hastą́diin nááhai yilááhdę́ę́’ ’aníłdįįd.
1-grandfather sixty years 3-beyond-from 3-3-survive.PShicheii t’áá ’íiyisíí hastihgo biniinaa kónááhoot’éhí doo na’ádódlíi da.
1-grandfather very 3-old.N-GO because next.year NEG 3-expect.live.NP NEGShichidí t’ahdii yá’át’ééh, ’át’ah ’índa ła’ ninááhideeshnih.
1-car still 3-good.N later one again-3-1-buy.FShighandóó ndáá’góó ’ada’iisdee’go nihí ’éí t’áá yiike’.
1-home-from war.ceremony-to 3-go.away.P we.du.pl TOP just 1du-remain.behind.PShilį́į́’ tł’aaká’ii dóó shilį́į́’ biyéél bił tsodizin ’íishłaa.
1-appaloosa and 1-horse 3-saddle 3-with prayer 3-1-make.PShinék’eesinilí shee hólǫ́ǫgo t’éiyá bee ’eesh’į́.
1-me glasses 3-there exist.NI with only 3-with1-see.N(Prpg:??)Shí ’éí t’áá naanishdóó kingóó déyá.
I TOP just work-from town-to 1-go.I
listen
As for me, I went to the town from work.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- déyá gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -dóó from a specific location or point in space or timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
Shí ’éí t’áá naanishdóó kingóó déyá.
I TOP just work-from town-to 1-go.I
listen
As for me, I went to the town from work.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- déyá gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -dóó from a specific location or point in space or timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
Shí hanii t’éiyá Naasht’ézhí bizaad shił bééhózin.
I contrary only English 3-language 1-wtih 3-know.PShí shidá’ák’eh níhígíí bilááh ’áhoníłtéél.
1 1 cornfield 2 COMP 3-wider areal-wide.NIShí t’óó ’ááłk’iis yisháałgo shizhé’é tsékooh gódeg ha’asbą́ą́z.
1 merely SUP-alongside 1-go.Prog-GO 1-father canyon areal-up up-3-drive.PSitsiitł’óól tsásk’eh bikáá’ dah yishłééh.
Navajo.hair.tie bed 3-on up 3-1-put.SFO.USitsóí ’ólta’góó dah diigháahgo ła’ béeso baa yish’ááh.
1-grandchild school-toward up 3-start.to.go.I-GO some money 3-to 3-1-give.SRO.U
listen
When my grandchild leaves for school, I usually give him/her some money.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- dishááh start to gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Usitative (U)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yish’aah move it, handle it (SRO)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
T’ah ’ałk’idídą́ą́’ ’éí Diné tát’áá góyaa kéédahat’íinii t’éiyá díí tábąąhgóó bidáda’ak’eh naaznil ńt’éé’.
still quite.long.ago the people water-near areal-down pl-3-reside.NI-NOM only this water-edge-toward farm 3-lie.PlO.SPN pastT’áá ’ákwíízhíní tó dah siyínígóó ’ałnánáshdááh.
every summer lake-toward again-1-go.RT’áá ch’ééh ’ásht’į́įgo bįįh biyaaghah ’eelwod.
just in.vain 1-act.NI-GO deer 3-around.corner 3- run.away.PT’áá hazhóó’ógo yisháałgo biniinaa shaa ’adiildee’.
just carefully 1-walk.Prog-GO 3-because 1-for PASS-left.behind.PT’áá hooshch’į’ déshnish.
suddenly 1-start.work.PT’áá hooshch’į’ déshnish.
suddenly 1-start.work.PTs’aa’ wolyéhę́ę k’ad t’áá ’íiyisíí bídin hóyéé’.
basket 3-call.NI-past now really 3-without HO-lack.NIThere’s a real scarcity of traditional baskets now. (YM 1987:458)
bookmarkTsé dzídzahashníiłgo baa naashá, daniidoiigo táchééh góne’ yah ’adoo’nił biniiye.
rock into.fire-3-1-put.P-GO 1-go.I 3-become.hot.P-GO sweathouse into in 3-PASS.put.PlO.F 3-becauseTł’éédą́ą́’ ńléí dził bine’jí ’adildííl yiits’a’ ni’.
night-past there mountain 3-behind-way thunder 3-sound.P recallyideeshjį́į́ł
FUT-FUT-1-become black, get sunburned.FYiską́ągo naaltsoos naa deesh’ááł.
tomorrow book 2-for 1-move.SRO.FYiską́ągo níléí Tóhajiileehgóó shigáál deizt’i’.
tomorrow.GO over.there Tóhajiileeh-toward 1-physical.being pl-3-path.extend.PYóó’ ’anáháshyeed.
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All content copyright © the Navajo community. (2019)
This lexicon was authored by Leslie Chavez, Bernadine Cody, Dana Desiderio, Natalie R. Desiderio, Jeremy Fahringer, Theodore B. Fernald, Ronald Gene, Betsy H. Horner, Lorene Legah, Sharon Nelson, and Tyler Tinhorn.
Dictionary produced by Ted Fernald, K. David Harrison and Jeremy Fahringer. (2019)
Supported in part with funding from a NSF grant (PI Fernald, Collaborative Research: Training the next generation of Navajo language scientists, Award #1563672).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
All rights reserved. Do not distribute or reproduce without permission.
how to cite:
Fernald, Theodore B., Leslie Chavez, Bernadine Cody, Dana Desiderio, Natalie R. Desiderio, Jeremy Fahringer, Ronald Gene, Betsy H. Horner, Lorene Legah, Sharon Nelson, and Tyler Tinhorn. 2019.
Navajo Adverb Lexicon.
Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages.
http://www.talkingdictionary.org/navajo_adverb
Interface and database design under the direction of Jeremy Fahringer and Swarthmore College ITS.
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