Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
Hoozdohgóó daats’í deeshááł ’éí doodaii’ Be’eldííldahsínilgóó deeshááł.
Phoenix-toward maybe 1-walk.F or Albuquerque-toward 1-walk.F’Ahbínídą́ą́’ ch’ééh niba’ hasht’e’ ’ádííníszin.
morning-Past in.vain 2-wait ready REFL-1-keep.CI’Ahbínídą́ą́’ hashbį’go baa nídiisdzá ’ákondi t’áadoo ’áłtso da.
morning-past 1-clear.I-GO 3-for 1-start.P however but not-yet all NEGEven though I started clearing the land this morning I didn’t finish.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- hashbį’ clear the landfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńdiishdááh startfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ahbínídą́ą́’ this morning
- -dą́ą́’ past timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- time
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
’Ahbínígo ch’éshááh ’áádóó sodiszįįh.
morning-GO 1-go.out.U and.then 1-pray.U’Azhą́ hasistih ndi ’ayóo ’eesh’į́.
even.though 1-be.old.P even.though very 3-1-see.Prog’Azhą́ hasistih ndi t’ah honishyóí.
even.though 1-be.old-P even.though still 1-be.energetic.NI’Ałk’ésdisí naháłnii’go sitsilí dóó shideezhí ’aheełt’éego bá ’ahá níjaa’.
candy 3-1-buy.CI-GO 1-little.brother and 1-little.sister 3-1 split-GO.I 3-for 3-1 gave.I’áko shį́į́ ’índa
CONJ’át’ah ’índa
’Ííshją́ą́ ’at’ééd yázhí hooghandę́ę́’ ch’idoogááł.
certainly girl little house-from out-3-walk.F’Ííłta’ dóó ’iiłghaazh.
1-read.P CONJ 1-sleep.P-jį’
-ts’ą́ą́’, -ts’á
away from, separating from, derived from
bookmarkBááh łikanígíí ła’ nisin háálá ayóo łikan.
bread 3-be.sweet.NI.NOM some 3-1-want.NI because very 3-be.sweet.NIChidí kǫ́ǫ́ ndaajeehígíí t’áá ’ániidígo dahodeezlįįd.
car here 3-run.pl.I-COMP just recently pl-3-become.PDa’ Cubadę́ę́’ tsinaa’eeł nił ní’éél?
Q Cuba-from boat 2-with 3-float.PDa’ k’ad daats’í ch’iyáán ’áníléehgo ná ’adazh’niiyą́ą́’?
Q now perhaps food 2-make.I-GO 2-for feast.happenDa’ shééhonísin?
Q 1-2-know.NIdaats’í
Damóo yę́ędą́ą́’ Yootóógóó niséyá.
Sunday past Santa.Fe-to 1-go.PDamǫ́ǫgo tódilchxoshí yishdlį́į́h.
Sunday-GO soda 3-1-drink.UDichin nínízin ya’?
hungry 2-want.NI Qdideidííłjéé’
pl-3DO-3dpl-start.fire.Pdiidį́į́ł
3DO-1dpl-eat.it.Fdiilyį́į́h
3DO-1dpl-melt.it.IDíí łééchąą’í dah doosłóós laanaa.
this dog 1-lead.O.ADV-laanaa optative particle for a positive wish, hope or desire.Ha’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?
how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.F DISChadajishgizh
pl-3DO-4dpl-cut.it.out.Phaiilgizh
3DO-1dpl-cut.it.out.PHatáálgóó déyáago shikélchí t’óó tsxį́į́łgo bił ’ada’shéshiizhgo ńdaséłkad.
ceremony-1-go-Fut-GO 1-moccasin merelyhurry.GO 3-with 3-1-pierce-GO 3-1-sew-Pháadi
Háádę́ę’shą’ díí ch’ah nizhóní léi’ naa yílts’id?
where-from-Q DEM hat 3-beautiful.NI INDEF 2-to 3-move.air.SRO.Pháíníłgizh
3DO-2-cut.it.out.PNáshdóí yę́ę noonéełgo wónáásdóó k’adę́ę ’ádįįh jiní.
wildcat former 3-die.off.Prog-GO soon nearly 3-extinct.I 4-say.NINibéézh bee hane’ doo ndi naalnish da.
2-cellphone NEG but 3-work.P NEGNimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
2-auntie 3-house-toward 2-run.F and there-at baby 3-to 2-care.CI FUTGo to your aunt’s house and take care of the baby over there.
bookmark- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishyeed runfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -jí on the side of, in the direction of, in the manner offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- benefactive
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’áháshyą́ carefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- dooleeł future