Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Ahbínígo ch’éshááh ’áádóó sodiszįįh.
morning-GO 1-go.out.U and.then 1-pray.U’Akóyaa ’adah, t’áá baa ’áhólchįįh.
there-down down, just 3-to 2-aware.NI’Ałk’idą́ą́’ Diné bikéyah bikáa’gi łį́į́’ bichąą bíighahgo tł’oh deíl’áá ńt’éé’ jiní.
long.ago Navajo.land 3-upon-at horse 3-belly sufficient-GO Pl-3-extend.out.of.sight.SNP hearsay’Áłchíní bi’éé’ náádaségis.
children 3-clothes 3-1-wash.RBini’ íídeeshtah doodago ’éiyá yóó’ ’adeeshwoł.
let will-1-school or only away 1-off-run.PChidí nidabinołtłáád.
car pl-3-2dpl-stop.IChidí sits’ą́ą́’ hashtł’ish yiih yilwodgo t’áá ch’į́į́góó ch’ééh ’ííł’įįd.
car 1-from mud 3-into 3-go.P-GO failure in.vain 1-act.PChidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodago ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
car-Q 3-with 4-exist.N or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDaniel hahgosh hidilníísh?
Daniel when-Q 3-start.work.IDíí dziłígíí shádi’ááh bich’ijígo ’ałkéé’ ’adíítąąd.
this mountain-Comp southward 3-toward-GO one-behind-another 3Pl-scatter.NPDíí hastiin tł’ééjí hataałgo bee béého’doolzįįd.
Doo choshijooł’į́į́’ le’ ’át’éégóó shił hóyéé’.
NEG 3-1-make.use.O proof.against-NEG 1-with lazy.NIDoo t’áá k’ad bá’ólta’í sélį́į’ da.
NEG just now teacher 1-be.SPN NEGdó’
Gah bikéé’ yishwoł.
rabbit 3-following 1-run.ProgGohwééh doo ndi łikan da.
coffee NEG but 3-taste-good.NI NEGHaa nízahdę́ę́’ hoołtį́į́ł?
how 3-long-from rain.ProgHaidą́ą́’ ’a’áán góne’ naashnish ńt’éé’ --- doo shił yá’át’éeh da.
winter-past mine.shaft 1-work.I past neg 1-with 3-good.N negWhile I was working in the mine shaft last year and I didn’t like it (the experience).
bookmark- -dą́ą́’ past timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- -ne’ behindfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- naashnish workfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńt’éé’ relates to past time
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrases
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
Hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí ’áyiilaa?
man and girl what 3-3-make.PK’os jóhonaa’éí yich’ą́ą́h ’i’ííjool.
cloud sun 3-protect 3-drift.PKii łį́į́’ yizloh léi’ yí’diiłííd.
Kii horse 3-3-rope.SP CONJ 3-3-brand.INa’ahóóhaii Ya’iishjááshtsoh bini góne’ nída’adleeh.
July 3-in 3-into rodeo 3-Pl-SUP-be.RNeezdáago ’índa yiyííłtsą́.
3-sit.P-Comp only.then 3-3-see.Pnideiilyé
pl-3DO-1dpl-carry.a.ropelike.thing.around.Icarry a ropelike thing around, 1st person plural
bookmarknisiilyá
3DO-1dpl-carry.a.ropelike.thing.around.Pcarry a ropelike thing around, 1st person dual
bookmarknisíníłkáá’
3DO-2-investigate.it.Pniłbéézh
3DO-2-boil.it.INíwe, tʼáádoo ʼałkʼésdisí niyą́ní.
stop NEG candy 3-2-eat.DI.NEGShá bíighah yáshti’ lá.
sun proportionate 1-talk.I DISCShik’is bił ’ílyeed ’áko shį́į́ da’diidį́į́ł.
1-friend 3-with 3-drive CONJ 1-Pl-eat.FShikee’ ’ániidígo biniinaa shikee’ bąąh tó’diisool.
1-shoe recently because 1-foot 3-on 3-blister.form.PShimá bílájish chiideesh’įįł, háálá ’ayóo deesk’aaz.
1-mother 3-gloves 3-1-use.F because very 3-be.cold.PShimá sání Mary níigo yee ’ádójí.
1-grandmother Mary 3-say.I-GO 3-by reflexive-3-call.NIShimósí yázhí tsin yąąh dah sidáago hádésh’na’ ńt’éé’ ’áłt’ąą hadanáálwod.
1-cat little tree 3-on up 3-sit.SPN-GO 1-climb.P but after.all 3-run.down.PShiníbaal doo tó biníkáogeeh le’ ’át’éégóó ’íishłaa.
1-tent NEG water 3-through-3-flow.O proof.against-NEG 3-1-make.PShį́į́dą́ą́’ sitsą́ hodíínii’go k’asdą́ą́’ dasétsą́.
summer-last 1-stomach areal-.hurt.P-GO nearly 1-die.PT’áadoo hosh biih dadoołtaałí.
neg cactus 3-in pl-2dpl-step.O-Ít’éiyá
Tsxį́įłgo ni’éé’ biih ni’nééh.
hurry 2-clothes 3-into 2-crawl.ITł’éédą́ą́ łééchąą’í léi’ nihił ’yaííyá’ii’ neeztį́.
last.night dog strange 1dpl-with 3-come.inside.P-and lie.down.SNPLast night, a (strange) dogs came walking in on us and lay down.
bookmark- tł’éédą́ą́’ last night
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishááł walkfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -ii’ and, and thereuponfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- Si-Perfective Neuter (SPN)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- sétį́ lie downfind in Navajo Verb Modes