Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Abe’ yistiní hazhóó’ógo ni’ ninishtłeeh ńt’éé’ nááłhęęsh.
ice.cream carefully stop 3-1-stop.carry.I past 3-fall.P’Adą́ą́dą́ą́’ shichidí tsé bik’ą́ą́h yíłbą́ą́z.
yesterday 1-car rock 3-against 3-run.P’Ashkii chizh dáádílkał yiníkáiyiníłhan.
boy firewood door 3-through-3-3-throw.P’Ayóigo deesk’aaz --- ’áyąą (’áyaańda) dah dinítsiz.
terribly cold no.wonder up 2-shiver.NI’Ałk’idídą́ą́’ kin ’áshłaa ńt’éé’ ’éí t’ahdii bii’ shighan.
quite.long.ago house 3-1-make.P past it still 3-in 1-home’Áádę́ę́’ nánísdzáago łį́į́’ bá nida’deeshjoł.
from.there 1-return.P-GO horse 3-for pl-1-set.out.NCM.FWhen I come back from there, I am going to feed the horses.
bookmark- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- náníshdááh returnfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ndaashjooł set piles outfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -dę́ę́’ from a general location or point in space or time, also out of, off offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
’ániidígo
’Áłchíní hastą́ą́ binááhaidóó deigo hodees’áago t’áá ’ałtso da’ółta’go yá’át’ééh.
children six 3-year.P-from up areal-extend.NP all pl-3-study.NI-GO 3-good.N-jigo
-kéé’
Chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodago ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
car-Q 3-with 4-exist.N or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDoes s/he have a car or do you have a car?
bookmarkChidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or you perhaps car 2-with 4-exist.NIDoes s/he have a car or do you have a car?
bookmarkDa’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDa’ Ron yiską́ągo saad neidoołkah?
Q Ron tomorrow word 3-3-investigate.FDamóo yę́ędą́ą́’ dziłghą́ą́’dę́ę́’ shádí dóó ba’áłchíní bił ’adaashkai.
sunday past.time mountain-top.of-from 1-elder.sister and 3-children 3-with downward-1-go.Pl.Pdeigo
Dibé bighan báátis dah yiishte’.
Sheep corral 3-over up 1-climb.PDichin bik’ee doo bííchįįd da.
hunger 3-account neg 3-become.hopeless.P negDííshą’ látsíní háádę́ę́’ naa ninídee’?
this-Q bracelet where-from 2-to 3-arrive.PlO.PWhere did you get these bracelets?
bookmark- -shą’ enclitic for content questionsfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- háá-P.ENCLITIC wherefind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- -dę́ę́’ from a general location or point in space or time, also out of, off offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location