Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Akóyaa ’adah, t’áá baa ’áhólchįįh.
there-down down, just 3-to 2-aware.NI’Ashdladi oolkiłgo ’áko shį́į́ ’índa ákǫ́ǫ́ diikah.
five.at time-GO only until then there 1dpl-go.pl.I’ayóigo
’Ałk’idą́ą́’ dahane’ yę́ę k’ad ’índa baa nídahane’.
past pl-3.tell.story.I old now until.now 3-for pl-3.tell.story.I’Ałk’idą́ą́’ tł’oh naadą́ą́’ dant’į́įhgo łį́į́’ doodaii’ béégashii da há hada’ał’éés ńt’éé’.
long.ago grass corn 3-ripen.I-GO horse or cow etc. 4-for 3-stomp.I past-jí + -k’ehgo
Baa tįįh náádiikah.
3-for achieve 1dpl-walk.pl.IBeeldléí danołtsóós.
blanket pl-3-2dpl-bring.FFO.IBéégashii ndahaniihdi dóola ’ayóí ’ánóolin léi’ t’óó bidánééł’į́į́’.
cattle-NOM pl-3-sell.CI-at bull remarkable 3-resemble.N INDEF just 3-1-look.at.PChidí naat’a’íísh hooghankáá’góó ch’ínísaal ’éí doodaii’ dziłghąą’góó daats’í?
airplane house-over-along over-3-fly.P TOP or mountain-attached-along perhapsDid the airplane fly over the house or along the mountain?
bookmark- doodaii’ particle orfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- -káá’ on, on top offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -ghą́ą́h attaching to, hitched to, connected tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
Chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodago ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
car-Q 3-with 4-exist.N or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIdazhdiłhį́į́h
pl-3DO-4dpl-melt.it.Ideidíníłkaad
pl-3DO-3dpl-start.to.herd.them.(animals).Istart to herd them (animals), 3rd person plural
bookmarkdidínéeshkał
3DO-1-start.to.herd.them.(animals).Fstart to herd them (animals), 1st person singular
bookmarkDíí tł’éé’ t’áá ká dóola dá’ák’eólyeed lágo.
this night NEG bull into.field-3-run.O hope.not LÁGODlǫ́ǫ́’ ’akǫ́ǫ́ náájilwod.
Prairie Dog LOC-there It. 4-2-run.Idoo --- ndi
Dziłghą́ą́’góó deeshááł nissin.
mountain-top-toward 1-go.F 1-want.CIHa’a’aahgo doo jiztįį da, johonaa’ai hwił ołtáh jíní.
sunrise-GO NEG 4-lay.O NEG, sun 4-with count 4-say.IHastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí lá ’áyiilaa?
man and girl what Q 3-3-make.PHáadi niyaa hazlį́į́’?
where-at 2-under area-grow.PHónáhoot’éhí ’índa ch’aa deeshááł nissin.
next.year until travel will.go.F 1-desire.I’m thinking about traveling until next year.
bookmarkjidiłhį́į́h
3DO-4-melt.it.Ijitł’ó
3DO-4-weave.it.IK’ad cháshk’eh góyaa tó de ’anool’ąął.
now wash down water up 3-rise.ProgKʼadí! Tʼáadoo tʼóó ’ííyį́į̨́łí.
stop NEG just 2-eat.Prog-íNa’nízhoozhígóósh díníyá?
Gallup-to-Q 2-go.SPNahóółtą́ągo tł’óo’di dizhdółjeeh le’ nízin shicheii.
it.rained-GO outside.at 4-build.fire.O wish 3-3.want.CI my.grandfatherNichidí lá háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.Pnidasoołkáá’
pl-3DO-2dpl-investigate.it.PNimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
2-auntie 3-house-toward 2-run.F and there-at baby 3-to 2-care.CI FUTGo to your aunt’s house and take care of the baby over there.
bookmark- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishwoł run alongfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -jí on the side of, in the direction of, in the manner offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- benefactive
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’áháshyą́ carefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- dooleeł future