Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Aadę́ę́’ hoołtį́į́ł.
there-from 3s-rain.Prog’Ahbínídą́ą́’ hashbį’go baa nídiisdzá ’ákondi t’áadoo ’áłtso da.
morning-past 1-clear.I-GO 3-for 1-start.P however but not-yet all NEGEven though I started clearing the land this morning I didn’t finish.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- hashbį’ clear the landfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńdiishdááh startfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ahbínídą́ą́’ this morning
- -dą́ą́’ past timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- time
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
’Ak’éégo ’éí chizh niléí keehaidi ninahdahiigééh nt’éé’.
autumn-GO that wood over.there winter.camp-at pl-3-1-unload.P past’Awéé’ bimá bit’ah sitį́.
baby 3-mother 3-undercover 3-lying.SPN’Awééh kweʼé ninishteeh, adaʼoogeeh.
baby here 3-carry.AnO.I 3-fall.O’Ałk’idídą́ą́’ kin ’áshłaa ńt’éé’ ’éí t’ahdii bii’ shighan.
quite.long.ago house 3-1-make.P past it still 3-in 1-home’Áshįįh Bii’ Tóógóó náádísdzáago dziłghą́ą́’ hanáádeesh’nah.
Salt.Lake.City-toward again-1-go.F-GO mountain-back again-1-climb.R’Ííyą́ą́’ dóó bik’ijį’ tsinyaagi nétį́į́ dóó ’iiłhaazh.
1-eat.P and 3-after tree-under-at.spec 1-lie.down.P and 1-sleep.P-ba-
to the point of exhaustion, used up, completed
bookmark-ch’ijí
toward, on the side, supporting;
bookmarkBéégashii yáázh ła’ shibee’í’diidłííd bik’i niní’ą́.
calf one 1-cattle.brand 3-on 3-1-put.NPdadizhdínóołkał
pl-3DO-4dpl-start.to.herd.them.(animals).Fstart to herd them (animals), 4th person plural
bookmarkDamóogo nihaa náájídááh.
Sunday.GO us.return 4-again.visit.Fdazhdiłhį́į́h
pl-3DO-4dpl-melt.it.IDibé yázhí bitsį’ bíchą́ yídéeshni’.
lamb 3-meat 3-crave 3-addicted.NPdiididoołjah
3DO-3-start.fire.FDiné nishłį́į ndi Bilaagana bizaad t’éí bee yáshti’.
Navajo 1-be.NI but English language only 3-with 1-speak.IDíídó’ doo ákót’ée daásh łí?
this-DÓ’ neg indef-how-3-be.NI neg-ÍSH ŁÍMaybe this is not right?
bookmarkDoo yéé shaa yáníłti’go ndiséts’ą́’į́.
NEG fear 1-to 2-talk.DI-GO 2-1-hear.PDził bit’ááhgi bįįh halzheeh.
mountain 3-close.to-at deer 3-3-hunting.CIDziłghą́ą́’góó deeshááł nissin.
mountain-top-toward 1-go.F 1-want.CIDziłgóó ’o’ooldee’ yę́ę ná’ooldah.
mountain-to 3-go.pl.P past 3-return.pl.Iha’át’éédę́ę́’
Haashíyee’ ’ahíłká ’ańdiijah.
let’s.see each.other-for together-1du-run.pl.Fhaidoołtééł
3DO-3-carry.him/her.up.out.of.something.Fcarry him/her up out of something, 3rd person
bookmarkhajííłgizh
3DO-4-cut.it.out.Pháágóó
Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa lá?
who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P DISCHáí lá sis łigai ’áyiił’įįh
who-Q belt silver 3-3-make.UWho makes silver concho belts? (YM 1987: 128)
bookmarkHííłch’į’go ’íinda ta’iideeshnih.
evening.GO until 1-mix.dough.Fjiigish
3DO-4-make.one.cut.in.it.IMósí yázhí bimá yits’ą́ą́’ yóó’ííyá.
kitten 2-mother 3-from away-3-go.PNa’ahóóhaii Ya’iishjááshtsoh bini góne’ nída’adleeh.
July 3-in 3-into rodeo 3-Pl-SUP-be.RNaakaii Bito’gi béégashii bee łá’í ’ídlínígíí bee ’anishtah.
mexican water-at cow 3-with one-unify.P-COMP 3-with 1-among.NInidajiskáá’
pl-3DO-4dpl-investigate.it.Pnidasiilkáá’
pl-3DO-1dpl-investigate.it.PNimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
your aunt 3-house-to 2-run-and that-way baby 3-for 2-care.CI FUTGo to your aunt’s house and take care of the baby over there.
bookmark- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishwoł run alongfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’áháshyą́ carefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- dooleeł future
Nishą́? Náádilyeed ho’dooniid.
2-Q It. 2-run 3-2-said.PNídíshchííʼ ayóó ádaníłnéez dooleeł.
pinetree very pl-3-dpl-tall.NI 3-become.FShich’ahashkéé léi’ doo bíká ’iishyeed da.
1-3-upset.I since NEG 3-for 1-help.I NEGShí hanii t’éiyá Naasht’ézhí bizaad shił bééhózin.
I contrary only English 3-language 1-with 3-know.PShíká ’anánílwo’ doodago’ t’áadoo shaa nánít’į́ní!
1-after indef-help.R or just-neg 1-about 1-2-bother.NI-negShínaaí chidí bił dah diilwodgo bizánághah góne’ łeezh ’adzíísi’.
older.brother car 3-with up 3-run.I-GO 3-around areal-in dust 3-trail.PShį́į́dą́ą́’ sitsą́ hodíínii’go k’asdą́ą́’ dasétsą́.
summer-last 1-stomach areal-.hurt.P-GO nearly 1-die.PSohodizingo t’áá ká nídoó’nééh.
prayer-GO neg 2-get.up.OYiską́ągo díí doo ’íídííłtah da. (K’ad tsxíiłgo ’ííníłta’.)
tomorrow this NEG 3-2-read.F NEG (now quickly 3-2-read.I)Don’t read this tomorrow. (Read it now.)
bookmark- Command, negativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- Command, affirmativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- Imperfectivefind in Navajo Imperatives
- yiską́ągo tomorrow
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrases
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- k’ad now
- tsxį́įłgo quickly, fast
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes