Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Áłchíní hastą́ą́ binidááhaidóó deigo hodees’áago t’áá ’ałtso da’ółta’go yá’át’ééh.
children six 3-year.P-from up areal-extend.NP all pl-3-study.NI-GO 3-good.N’Íídeeshwosh daats’í doodaii’ saad naalkaah bindeeshnish.
1-sleep.F maybe or word research 3-1-work.FAbínídą́ą́’ kintahgóó dah didoohkah.
morning-past town-GÓÓ up start-3pl.go.FYou all go to town in the morning. (YM1987: 344)
bookmark- Command, affirmativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- Futurefind in Navajo Imperatives
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ahbínídą́ą́’ this morning
- dah up at an elevation, off, static, holding
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
Asdzą́ą́ yázhí bichidí doondó’ ndi naalnish da.
woman little 3-car not.even but 3-work.P NEGBik’os gónaa ’ałch’į’ yiyiissił nahalin.
3-neck around toward.each.other 3-3-grab.I seem.to.appearDa’ Cubadę́ę́’ tsinaa’eeł nił ní’éél?
Q Cuba-from boat 2-with 3-float.PDaané’é baa na’aldeehdi ’at’ééd jooł yídzoołtał.
game 3-to 3-happen.CI-at girl ball 3-3-kick.Progdajoodlą́ą́’
pl-3DO-4dpl-drink.it.PDaniel hahgosh hidilníísh?
Daniel when-Q 3-start.work.Idazhdidoołhįh
pl-3DO-4dpl-melt.it.Fdeiyííyą́ą́’
pl-3DO-3dpl-eat.it.PDibé bighan báátis dah yiishte’.
Sheep corral 3-over up 1-climb.PDibé yázhi bimá doo boosáni da, biʼnootsaał.
sheep little 3-mother NEG 3-love.I NEG 3-starve.Odidínóołkał
3DO-2dpl-start.to.herd.them.(animals).Fstart to herd them (animals), 2nd person dual
bookmarkdiidiłjeeh
3DO-3-start.fire.Idizhdííłjéé’
3DO-4-start.fire.PDíidí háísh bichidí?
this who-Q 3-carDíí chidí ’ayóo dilwo’ ha’ní ’áko ndi doo baa jííníshłíi da.
this car very 3-fast 3-say.P CONJ NEG 3-about 4-1-rely.P NEGThey say this car is fast but even so I don’t have any expectation for it.
bookmarkDoo bił bééhózin da ya’?
neg 3-with 3-know.CI neg QDził bit’ááhgi bįįh halzheeh.
Mountain 3-close.to-at deer 3-3-hunting.CIGah bikéé’ yishwoł.
rabbit 3-following 1-run.ProgGohwééh doo ndi łikan da.
coffee NEG but 3-taste-good.NI NEGHa’át’éegishą’ nich’ah nííní’ą́?
where-at-Q 2-hat 3-2-set.down.SRO.Pha’át’ééjí
Joołísh ’atiin tsé’naa ’ahííníłhan doodaii’ daats’í ’anít’i’ báhátis ’ahííníłhan?
ball-Q road across 3-2-throw.P or perhjaps fence 3-over 3-2-throw.PMary ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?
Mary what 3-3-buy.PNáhookǫsdę́ę́’ níłch’igo ’ayóo deesk’aaz.
north.from breeze-GO very cold.SPNNeeznáadigóó ’oolkiłgo ’áłah ’aleeh daaní.
ten.at-toward time-GO meeting pl-4-say.NINichxǫ' doo ájíléeh da.
stop NEG 3-4-make.I NEGNíká ’adeeshwoł biniiyé níyá.
2-for 1-run.F 3-purpose.of 1-came.PI came to help you.
bookmark- -ká after, forfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishwoł run alongfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -niiyé for the purpose of, tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nishááh come, arrivefind in Navajo Verb Modes
Níwe, t’óó bee nídinine’!
stop just 3-with 3-2-play.PShá hooł’aah.
1-for areal-2 move-over.IShighanídóó ’e’e’aah bich’ijígo shádí bighan.
1-home-from west 3-in.the.direction.of older.sister 3-dwell.NShiyáázh niʼíłtááh. Bá daʼdiidííł; ʼákohgo chʼiyáán ʼálʼį́įgi shiká ʼadoojah.
1-son 3-graduate.I 3-for 1pl-eat.F so-then food indef-make-at 1-after 3pl-help.FShizhé’é bichíditsoh yaa naashnish
1-father 3-truck-large on.it 3-3-worked.P 1-father 3-truck-large on.it 3-3-workedT’iis bąąh nidaohna’.
cottonwood 3-on pl-2dpl-climb.ITó Haach’i’dę́ę́’ ’ííyisíí naashá.
Tohatchi-from truly 1-go.CITó háálínídi ’ahéédidiit’ash ’ałní’ní’ą́ągo.
spring-at refl-1du-meet.F noon-GOLet’s meet at the spring at noon.
bookmark- Proposal, affirmativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- 1st person inclusive, Let’s!find in Navajo Imperatives
- -di atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- ’ałní’ní’ą́ągo at noon
- Command, affirmativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- 1st person inclusive, Let’s!find in Navajo Imperatives
- -di atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- ’ałní’ní’ą́ągo noon-at
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes