Nafe (Kwamera)

v soar, circle (as a bird)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v drip, leak

Speaker: Martial wahe

v nod (as one’s head)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v gust (as the wind)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v spread, spread out

Speaker: Martial wahe

v tr wear around neck (as a necklace, neck ornament or tie)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v intr stop raining, clear

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v 1. grate (tubers); 2. treat with traditional medicine (by spitting grated or masticated ingredients on the patient’s head)

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v carry on one’s back, carry on a truck bed

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v. transitive eat sugarcane

Speaker: Martial Wahe

v forget, leave behind, not take, not want

Speaker: Martial wahe

v see erupwun

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v. to make twine, by twirling between the fingers

Speaker: Martial Wahe

grave

Speaker: Martial Wahe

axe (of stone, for traditional canoe carving)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

v I eat

Speaker: Martial Wahe

I drink water

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. crab

Speaker: Jean Eskar

duck (native)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5108)

Example: When woman does not have period for 2-3 months and is pregnant, people say the lizard could eat the baby. To avoid this, boil a handful of stem shavings in 1/2 L water, for 6 minutes and give this drink to the woman twice a day for 5 days. Then the bleeding will stop. There are also dietary restrictions: no coconut, oil, salt, curry. The woman can also not swim in sea for 5 days. But the baby will be healthy if these instructions are followed.

Scientific name: Achyranthes aspera, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n month name (archaic, corresponding to October)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

dragonfly

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5028)

Example: To reduce the pain of labor, squeeze double handful of leaves into 1 cup of cool water and give to the mother to drink.

Scientific name: Achyranthes aspera, Speaker: Martial Wahe

a children’s game

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n named rock formation on Yasur volcano

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of plant with sticky seed pods, seeds used medicinally for many ailments, including stomach ache

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. herb to subshrub growing in open forest heavily impacted by cyclone. fruits orange to red. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3244)

Example: This is an introduced species that is a weed in cultivated fields.

Scientific name: Solanum torvum, Speaker: Martial Wahe

skull

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5101)

Example: To treat ciguatera disease (fish toxin), boil a double handful of the male flower, in 2 liter water, 10-15 min. Drink all at once warm. Drink one pot daily for 2 days. Leaves and flowers to feed pigs. Fruit edible. Slice the green fruit and boil it to make soup or fry it in oil and make a salad. Ripe fruit to make jam.

Scientific name: Carica papaya, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n mirror

Speaker: Martial wahe

[koa̤pe] n. tree in house area near village, 5 m tall (collection: Michael J. Balick #4720)

Example: The fruit of this tree is edible. The stem yields posts for building houses. The wood from the tree is said to be very strong, so larger parts of the tree can be used for house construction. The leaves are used to treat diarrhea. A person chews 4 leaves at a time as long as needed.

Scientific name: Psidium guajava, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5153)

Example: To make tattoo, draw design and then take youngest emerging stem and rub along design. Follow design and it will burn a design in your skin. Birds eat fruits as do fruit bats.

Scientific name: Alchornea scandens, Speaker: Johnson Noar

Honeycomb grouper (deep sea)

Example: Photo by Jeffrey T. Williams / Smithsonian Institution, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Epinephelus merra via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Leopard hind, leopard grouper (deep sea)

Example: Photo by Jeffrey T. Williams / Smithsonian Institution, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Cephalopholis leopardus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. bowstring made from slender banyan tree aerial root

Speaker: Martial Wahe

grating board for coconut

Speaker: Martial Wahe

dog

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of sea snail, edible

Speaker: Martial Wahe

my elder brother’s son

Speaker: Martial wahe

[kwanəraj] n. tree, 6-7 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3101)

Example: People use this plant as a medicine to treat bad knees. Peel the bark, take 1 handful and put it in a cup of water until the water becomes black. Drink it 3x daily as needed until the knee pain disappears and the knee heals. Children use the seeds as a glue in school work.

Scientific name: Cordia dichotoma, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

kind of bird trape ( triangle shape)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. seed of nƗsuvás

Speaker: Martial Wahe

cyclone house

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of cassava, from Port-Vila

Example: The root of this variety is made into lap-lap used in certain ceremonies

Scientific name: Manihot esculenta, Speaker: Johnson Noar

Ghost Ant

Example: Photo by questagame / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Tapinoma melanocephalum via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

Violet squirrelfish

Example: Photo by Jeffrey T. Williams / Smithsonian Institution, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Sargocentron violaceum via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

chicken

Speaker: Martial Wahe

rabbit fish

Speaker: Martial Wahe

twins

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of pandanus

Example: The green leaves are used to weave mats, baskets and hats. The stem is used for making houseposts and also burned as firewood. The ripe fruits are cut open and the seeds are removed and eaten—they taste like coconut and are eaten fresh

Scientific name: Pandanus tectorius, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n my rib

Speaker: Martial wahe

gladness or hug

Example: hug your mother if longtime no see her

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[nako̤ŋhar] n. tree, 7-7 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3100)

Example: This plant has an aroma, and people are said to take the leaf and squeeze it on them in a shower or while bathing with the purpose of keeping evil spirts away. In particular, this can be used when a person is doing a Toka dance, or when that person is visiting a cemetary, burying a person--to avoid having a problem with the spirits. This can also be used with Euodia hortensis (Plunkett et al. 3077) or alone.

Scientific name: Pittosporum campbellii, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

type of ceremony

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Pink ear emperor

Example: Photo by FAO / Fishbase, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Lethrinus lentjan via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of fern, edible, often fried or boiled with milk

Speaker: Martial Wahe

coconut

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. tree, 15 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3235)

Example: The ripe fruits are the best food for the flying fox. Hunters know this. In older times, people ate the ripe fruit. The bark is used as a traditional "saucepan." Bark is rolled over food such as Island Cabbage or other edible leaves and put on top of the stone oven to cook.

Scientific name: Ficus granatum, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. well branched tree, 8 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #4248)

Example: 1. The stems can be used as posts or rafters in traditional houses. If used as a rafter, it is used as mid-roof brace placed longitudinally on the roof, going from one end of the house to the other. This part of the roof is known as kuar kuo. 2. When in flower, taro is considered soon to be ready. When the fruit is falling, it is considered time to harvest the taro.

Scientific name: Syzygium myriadenum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. kind of yam, edible, white or purple color

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. herb, 2.5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3082)

Example: To make a strap to hold the ornamental fiber "Nisei" (Plunkett et al #3077) on a person’s arm. Dry the stem, remove the fibers, and weakve into a strap. There is a legend that is told about this plant, concerning a rat and a fox. The rat and fox stole a banana from the Devil’s garden. The Devil caught the fox and told him not to come back. The rat said "lets go to the garden" and teh fox said no. The rat said "go take these leaves, and tie the leaves with coconut fiber--and he told the fox to lie down and the rat sewed the leaaves on the fox. So, the rat an

Scientific name: Donax canniformis, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5118)

Example: Young stems are used to support the roof of ther house. Use yellow sap for glue. Fruits and flowers eaten by flying fox. Same effect as poison tree, they do not fly correctly, often falling and can be harvested to eat.

Scientific name: Melicope latifolia, Speaker: Johnson Noar

big food festival

(Bislama) bigfala kakae

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. epiphyte growing on cyathea trunk, growing along garden trail. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3066)

Example: This plant is used to reduce the pain of toothache. Take the stem and peel it, remove the bark and place the bark against a sore tooth. Keep it is place, until the person feels better. Can use this treatment 2-3 times. It is said to "take the pain away." The tooth may rot away naturally, but this is good for the pain that accompanies toothache. The dried fruits and seeds of the plant can be mixed with pig food, such as coconut, and when the female pigs eat it, they will not have piglets. This is said to be used when a person has too many pigs.

Scientific name: Cyrtandra cymosa, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. liana growing on trunk of hedycarya dorstenioides, in dense forest along ridge. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3004)

Example: Hunting: Flying foxes are attracted to this plant for their red fruits. As a result, hunters gather around this plant when they desire to hunt the flying fox.

Scientific name: Piper austrocaledonicum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

kind of coconut, has the largest fruit of any coconut and the fruit is more oblong in shape

Example: The fiber from this variety (from the sheath base) is used for kastom ceremonies to cover kava when the young boys are coming out from their circumcision houses. This fiber is also wrapped around the middle of a bow to give it strength and help prevent it from cracking. The fiber can also be used to make a sleeping hammock as it is strong and clean

Scientific name: Cocos nucifera, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5092)

Example: Wood is hard to make house posts. Stem to make bow for hunting birds, fruit bat.

Scientific name: Casuarina equisetifolia, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. plant (to be identified)

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. small offshoot tuber

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. coconut spathe

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[hipi:na] n. well branched tree, 8 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3149)

Example: When young boys are circumcized, the leaf is mashed and rubbed on the skin of the boys who are sleeping in the nakamal--and mix with coconut oil to help hold it on the body. Said to help the person have better, smoother skin.

Scientific name: Murraya, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. liana growing into the canopy of dense forest. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3046)

Example: Agricultural: When it is time to harvest the first crop of yam (~ April 1st), the 1st yam (’Nuk’) is put inside the hole from where it was harvested with one or two green leaves of this plant.

Scientific name: Oxera lehuntei, Speaker: Martial Wahe

afternoon

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. 1. fern tree (black palm), 2. barbed arrow (made of nɨkweto wood)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. orange (tree)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

fruit stalk (as on a banana)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

beach

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of green coconut

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n moth

Speaker: Martial wahe

[peha] axe

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Dark-banded fusilier, bluestreak fusilier

Example: Photo by Ian Shaw / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Pterocaesio tile via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

brother

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. vine growing up a ficus tree, growing in open forest heavily impacted by cyclone. flowers yellow; fruits brown and fibrous. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3231)

Example: To chase away pigs that invade a person’s garden, wrap leaves of this species around a stick, hit the pig with it and the pig will not return to the garden to eat the crops.

Scientific name: Trichosanthes dieniensis, Speaker: Martial Wahe

always

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[rigai ~ ringgai] Great Frigatebird

Example: Photo by Diego Delso / Wikimedia Commons, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Scientific name: Fregata minor, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my ear canal

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of banana

Speaker: Martial Wahe

bamboo slit gong used to signal approach by woman to nakamal

Example: see more on Youtube

Speaker: Martial Wahe

tabu, taboo

Speaker: Martial Wahe

sawfish

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5132)

Example: Flower for decorating things like at marriage, church, opening of new building like dispensary. Ancient people, when needed water, take stem, mash 4-6 pieces and squeeze into coconut shell and drink it. So squeeze the stems together after mashing them along their entire length with wood post. This can be used to collect water today when a person is in the forest and thirsty. Leaves wrap banana laplap. Put in saucepan boil 20 minutes, toss out water, take leaf off and eat laplap. Leaf folded not tied. People say its native to Vanuatu

Scientific name: Heliconia, Speaker: Johnson Noar

[topasiwɨr] n. large herb, growing at edge of garden. Bracts red. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3071)

Example: People use this to cover or wrap banana and cassava prior to cooking in a boiling pot; when the food is cooked the leaf is discarded. Flowers used for decoration. This is an imported cultivated plant.

Scientific name: Heliconia indica, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

tomorrow

Speaker: Martial Wahe

place name: the highest mountain on Tanna Island

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n house component: side wall of house made of wild cane and bamboo

Speaker: Martial Wahe

wind direction: south-east wind

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Green jobfish

(Bislama) Salmon Fis

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Aprion virescens via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Pink whipray

Example: Photo by zsispeo, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Flickr

Scientific name: Himantura fai via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Blue trevally (male)

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Carangoides ferdau via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Speaker: Martial Wahe