Nafe (Kwamera)

v crawl, walk carefully (as on a narrow path or cliff edge)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v suck on, savor (as candy), keep in one’s mouth

Speaker: Martial wahe

v/a immobile, confined to a mat or bed

Speaker: Martial wahe

v life up, stand up (from a prone position), arise, life something which is on the ground

Speaker: Martial wahe

v intr live, stay at, exist at

Speaker: Martial wahe

v 1. prepare, make ready (implies secrecy?); 2. act alone or anti-socially, avoid agreement

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v swallow

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v forget, leave behind, not take, not want

Speaker: Martial wahe

snow

Speaker: Martial wahe

ceremony

Speaker: Martial Wahe

cut my penis( circumsision)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v shut the door

(Bislama) sarem door

Speaker: Martial Wahe

boat

Speaker: Martial Wahe

splet dry coconut intwo pieces

Speaker: Martial wahe

I weave a mat or basket

Speaker: Martial Wahe

I planted taro

Speaker: Martial Wahe

duck (native)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5134)

Example: Cut open ripe fruit, put red seed in mouth, chew them, then spit out hard seeds left. Ancients used to eat the seeds in this way -- certain people still like it.

Scientific name: Momordica charantia, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. terrestrial; uncommon. (collection: Tom A. Ranker #2610)

Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

kind of breadfruit, produces small round fruits with small projections (described as small needles) on the outside of the fruit. The tree is very tall

Scientific name: Artocarpus altilis, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. interior house cross post

Speaker: Jean Eskar

[karwarwar] thunder

Speaker: Martial Wahe

a children’s game

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n named rock formation on Yasur volcano

Speaker: Martial Wahe

grater for taro

Speaker: Martial Wahe

middle vent in Iasur crater

Speaker: Martial Wahe

assistance, help

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n gecko

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[kwanpir] n. liana growing on coconuts and ficus trees, at edge of disturbed agro-forest. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3087)

Example: The fiber from the stem is used to make a local rope used to tie thatch on the house. Also used to make an armband to put on the Nisei (Euodia hortensis) leaves (Plunkett et al.#3077).

Scientific name: Flagellaria indica, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. canarium nut fruit (variant 2)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Brassy chub, lowfin drummer

Example: Photo by Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Kyphosus vaigiensis via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n story, tale, legend

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[kwana:tɨs] n. herb to 75 cm tall, flowers purple (collection: Michael J. Balick #4731)

Example: The stems of this plant are bound together to make a local broom.

Scientific name: Stachytarpheta, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

kind of yam, related to kawehae with a large mass of tubers that have red flesh and are sweet. It has the same type of flesh as that variety but the leaves differ in shape

Example: If a person loses some of his yams in the garden to various conditions, such as poor soil or disease, these two varieties will always continue to grow, being very hardy and resilient. This yam was originally from Iankahi but now the village is losing this variety. However, some people in Port Resolution still grow it

Scientific name: Dioscorea spp., Speaker: Johnson Noar

n comet

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. sweet potato that is planted close to yams

Speaker: Martial Wahe

roots of pandanus

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5135)

Example: When this plant grows to 2m, peel bark and put it in salt water to rett the stem. To do this, tie the stems in bundles and cover the bundle with a stone in the sea. After one week, rett the stem by pulling out the strong fibers and discarding the rest. Dry the fibers, then make a grass skirt from this. The leaves can be crushed and used as a styptic for wounds to stop bleeding.

Scientific name: Urena lobata, Speaker: Johnson Noar

Robin

Scientific name: Petroica multicolor, Speaker: Martial Wahe

cyclone house

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. baked vegetable food eaten along with meat, food baked in an earth oven (other than tuber puddings)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. paper

Speaker: Martial Wahe

volcanic glass shards (Pele’s hair)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Elongate surgeonfish

Example: Photo by Paddy Ryan / www.ryanphotographic.com, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Acanthurus mata via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Rough triggerfish, spotted oceanic triggerfish, oceanic triggerfish

Example: Photo by Ross Robertson / Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Canthidermis maculata via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

names

(Bislama) nem blo hem

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5130)

Example: This is male variety used to build the foundation of the house, to make the timbers for the floor (joist) and put Veitchia arecina (MB 4707) strips on top. Also used for crossbeams for roof of house. Planted in village to provide shade.

Scientific name: Ficus glandifera, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. herb to 2-3 m tall in secondary forest clearing, flowers white with yellow-red corolla. (collection: Michael J. Balick #4724)

Example: this plant is used to make the head lei, Kuanari, to welcome visitors. It is also used as an ornamental around local houses.

Scientific name: Alpinia speciosa, Speaker: Martial Wahe

[na:riŋ] n. tree, 10-12 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2997)

Example: Hunting: Flying foxes are attracted to this plant for their fruits. As a result, hunters gather around this plant when they desire to hunt the flying fox. Food: The green leaf of this plant is used as a wrap when cooking fish over a fire. Clothing: The peeled inner bark of this plant is dried and then used as fastener or strap for other clothing during kastom ceremonies.

Scientific name: Ficus granatum, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

[naruwakiri] n. herb, 2.5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3082)

Example: To make a strap to hold the ornamental fiber "Nisei" (Plunkett et al #3077) on a person’s arm. Dry the stem, remove the fibers, and weakve into a strap. There is a legend that is told about this plant, concerning a rat and a fox. The rat and fox stole a banana from the Devil’s garden. The Devil caught the fox and told him not to come back. The rat said "lets go to the garden" and the fox said no. The rat said "go take these leaves, and tie the leaves with coconut fiber--and he told the fox to lie down and the rat sewed the leaves on the fox. ...

Scientific name: Donax canniformis, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. banyan growing next to house along main path. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3150)

Example: The bark of this tree is used to make a kastom strap, particularly worn in the Toka Dance, where people have different ranks, and the kastom belt of this bark shows a person’s rank.

Scientific name: Ficus cf. tinctoria, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my waist

Speaker: Martial wahe

[nate̤hi̤j] n. well branched tree, 4 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3125)

Example: Children from Tanna and throughout Vanuatu use this plant to make a slingshot. As a "medicine," when chickens are ruining your garden, if you plant this plant it will chase away the chickens.

Scientific name: Ervatamia orientalis, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. hardwood and fruit tree; taun tree, island lychee

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Scientific name: Pommetia pinnata, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. flowering tree

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Scientific name: Syzygium malaccense, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5080)

Example: When there are too many rats in house, put a layer of leaves underneath a piece of food in the corner of the house. When the rat steps on the leaf, as the underside is itchy, it will swell the leg of the rat, making it hard for him to move so you can find them in the morning and kill them easily.

Scientific name: Psychotria trichostoma, Speaker: Johnson Noar

[nakatirew] n. shrub, 3-5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3157)

Scientific name: Hibiscus rosasinensis, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. liana growing on trunk of hedycarya dorstenioides, in dense forest along ridge. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3004)

Example: Hunting: Flying foxes are attracted to this plant for their red fruits. As a result, hunters gather around this plant when they desire to hunt the flying fox.

Scientific name: Piper austrocaledonicum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

Netwar language, spoken on Tanna Island

Speaker: Martial wahe

[nɨŋgare̤me] n. shrub, 4-6 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3090)

Example: This plant is known as "fishbone leaf" as the edge of the leaf tears away and the remaining part is serrated. It is a powerful medicine that is secret.

Scientific name: Leea indica, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. round house

Speaker: Jean Eskar

n. strongest type of traditional Nafe house, made of bamboo and coconut

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my palate (of mouth)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. 1. spear, 2. kind of tree

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

[nme̤hu] n. tree growing along ridge track in disturbed forest, next to garden area. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2979)

Example: Fuel: Dry portions of this plant are used as firewood.

Scientific name: Melochia odorata, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

[nokwai nɨfaŋa] arrow and bow

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[nukune nai] n. tree stump

Speaker: Jean Eskar

n my big toe

Speaker: Martial wahe

his hair

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. shrub, 0.8-1 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3156)

Example: To treat Dengue Fever, take the leaves, stems flowers and roots, e.g. the whole plant, and squeeze the juice from it, enough to produce 1 cup of liquid. Boil down that liquid until it has color and drinke the whole cup 2 times daily for 3-4 days. This is said to help get rid of pain from the illness.

Scientific name: Cassia occidentalis, Speaker: Martial Wahe

dance

Speaker: Martial Wahe

bone

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. Vila kava

Speaker: Martial Wahe

his heart

Speaker: Martial Wahe

hurricane

Speaker: Martial Wahe

tuber pudding

Speaker: Martial Wahe

coconut leaf rope

Speaker: Martial Wahe

please, sorry

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Highfin parrotfish

Example: Photo by Jeffrey T. Williams / Smithsonian Institution, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Scarus longipinnis via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. herb growing along stream in open forest heavily impacted by cyclone. flowers blue. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3254)

Example: Used in an unspecified way for pregnant women to ensure the baby to grow well. Used in an unspecified way to control the weather.

Scientific name: Commelina, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

grass hopper

thumb

Speaker: Martial Wahe

milk fish

Speaker: Martial Wahe

come down

Example: told to someone to come down

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. part, piece (see ringinimwa)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. tree growing in house area in village (collection: Michael J. Balick #4719)

Example: This tree is planted by people around household areas to hold embankments and prevent soil from eroding

Scientific name: Ficus, Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of taro, has white flesh, considered the mother of all taro on Tanna

Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. 1. firefly, (according to Lindstrom 1986, 2. phosphorescent sea algae or fungus)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n sea urchin

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. pathway

Speaker: Jean Eskar

banana (general term)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n nautilus shell. Possibly family Nautilidae

Example: Photo by K. David Harrison, Dec. 2017

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. inalienable skin, husk, covering, wrapping, shell, bark; empty shell

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. bamboo (native species)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Bulbnose Unicornfish, Humpnose Unicornfish

Example: Photo by Jean-Lou Justine / Wikimedia Commons, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Naso tonganus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Example: Photo by tonydiver / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Eretmochelys imbricata via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

Speaker: Martial wahe

my elder sisiter;s husband

Speaker: Wahe Martial

Yellowstripe goatfish

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Mulloidichthys flavolineatus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Yellowstriped goatfish

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Upeneus vittatus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe