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’Ach’íí’ ła’ deeshį́į́ł.
rolled.intestine some 1-eat.F’Adeesdíilgo dibé sits’ą́ą́’ dah diijéé’.
3-thunder.P-GO sheep 1-away.from start-3-run.Pl.P’Ahwééh doo dich’í’ígíí ła’ jóódlą́ą́’.
coffee NEG 3-bitter.NI-NOM some 3-4-drink.O’Ajóółháásh laanaa.
4-sleep.O wish’Aoo’, shí dó’ t’áá ’ákwíinisin.
yes 1 also just 1-think.so.NI’Ashkii yázhí bee’eldǫǫh yik’ee ’ádadeeznih.
boy little gun 3-on.account.of REFL-3-hurt.P’Atiin bąąhgóó béésh halne’é tsin bá ’adaaz’á.
road 3-along side telephone pole 3-for 3Pl-stand.upright.SPN’Atsį’ísh ’éí doodaii’ łóó’ísh nínízin?
meat-Q or fish-Q 3-2-want.NI’Ałk’ésdisí naháłnii’go sitsilí dóó shideezhí ’aheełt’éego bá ’ahá níjaa’.
candy 3-1-buy.CI-GO 1-little.brother and 1-little.sister 3-1 split-GO.I 3-for 3-1 gave.I’Ałk’idą́ą́’ ’ayóo nahałtin ńt’éé’.
long.ago very areal-rain.I past’Ałk’idą́ą́’ shimá bił na’nishkaadgo ’aghaa’ yisdizígíí dibé yázhí yichíihgo yizénéíłt’ih.
long ago 1-mother 3-with SUP-1-herd.I-GO wool 3-spin.P-ígíí lamb 3-birth.P 3-neck-around-3-tie.P’Ąąh háá’á wolyéii k’ad doo ’asht’é’égóó bik’ee ntsinisdzá.
credit 3-call.P now neg extremely.neg 3-on-account-of overwhelm.P-ąąh
-góó
to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a date
bookmark-lááh
Át’ah ’inda shaa náádíídááł.
later 1-to again-2-come.FBéégashii ndahaniihdi dóola ’ayóí ’ánóolin léi’ t’óó bidánééł’į́į́’.
cattle-NOM pl-3-sell.CI-at bull remarkable 3-resemble.N INDEF just 3-1-look.at.PCh’ééh jiyáán náánááshdą́ą́’.
watermelon again-1-eat.RCh’óóshdą́ą́dą́ą́’ diné bizaad naalkaah doo shił bééhózin da. K’ad éí t’áá shxǫǫd shił báá hózin.
formerly Navajo language research NEG 1-with 3-of ho-know.CI NEG | now TOP luckily 1-with 3-about-ho-know.CIChidí daats’í bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ niísh chidí nee hólǫ́?
car maybe 3-with 4-exist.N or 2-Q car 2-with 4-exist.NIChidí na’na’í łęęzh yíyooyił.
tractor dirt 3-3-push.ProgChidí naat’a’í ’íinilaaígíí háajį’ ninít’a’?
airplane 3-2-make.P-ÍGÍÍ where-up.to 3-fly.PChidí naat’a’íísh hooghankáá’góó ch’ínísaal ’éí doodaii’ dziłghą́ą́’góó daats’í?
airplane house-over-along over-3-fly.P TOP or mountain-attached-along perhapsDa’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDoes s/he have a car or do you have a car?
bookmarkDa’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDoes s/he have a car or do you have a car?
bookmarkDa’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDa’ Ron yiską́ągo saad neidoołkah?
Q Ron tomorrow word 3-3-investigate.FDa’ shééhonísin?
Q 1-2-know.NIDá’ák’ehdi t’ah ńt’éé’ t’óó ’ayóigo nahachagii bizhiin yijiłgo yiiłtsą́.
field-at still past just very grasshoppers swarm 4-move.along.Prog-GO 3-1-see.PDibé doo deeghánígóó ’ałkéé’ ’idíítąądgo hooghanjį’ náákah.
sheep long.way RECP-follow 3-spread.out.NP home-up.to 3-walk.pl.ProgDichinísh doodaii’ dibáá’ísh dzinízin?
hunger-Q or thirst-Q 4-want.NIDíigi ’át’éegoósh ’ájiił’įįh?
this-at 3-be-GO-Q SUP-4-do.PDíí chąą’ shą’ háádę́ę́’ niníyęęzh?
this manure-Q where-from 3-ooze.PDíí chizh shá ’ałk’íniishóósh.
this firewood 1-for 3-2-split.IDíí chizh shá ’ałk’íniishóósh.
this firewood 1-for 3-2-split.IDíí dziłígíí shádi’ááh bich’ijígo ’ałkéé’ ’adíítąąd.
this mountain-Comp southward 3-toward-GO one-behind-another 3Pl-scatter.NPDííshjį́į́góó shizhé’é łáháda bił ná’ahiistsééh.
nowadays 1-father seldom 3-with RECP-1-see.RDlǫ́ǫ́’ ba’áán góne’ yah ’adeeshnii’go dlǫ́’áyázhí shishhash.
prairie.dog 3-hole into down1-3.to.reach́.out.hand prairie.dog-little 1-bite.PDoo bił bééhózin da ya’?
neg 3-with 3-know.CI neg QDoochǫǫł ’át’éego ha’éé’ bik’íhizhdizheeh dooleeł.
ridiculous 3-be.NI-GO 4-clothes 4-spit.P FutureDooshą’ gah t’áá gééd náshdááh lá.
ensure rabbit just without 1-return.I DISCDziłdę́ę́’ hoołtį́į́ł ńt’éé’ t’áá nihich’į’jį’ ’ásdįįd.
mountain-from areal-rain.Prg past just 1pl-toward-up.to 3-disappear.PGohwééh t’áá bizhání ’éí doodaii’ ’abe’ biłgo daats’í nínízin?
coffee only TOP or milk 3-with-GO perhaps 3-2-want.NIHa’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?
how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.sg.F DISCHa’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?
how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.F DISCHa’át’ííshą’ hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?
what-Q man and girl 3-3-make.PHaa nízahdę́ę́’ hoołtį́į́ł?
how 3-long-from rain.ProgHaash nízah kodóó nighanjį’?
how-Q 3-long.N here-from 2-home-toHastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí lá ’áyiilaa?
man and girl what Q 3-3-make.PHastiin dóó ’at’ééd lá ha’át’íí ’áyiilaa?
man and girl Q what 3-3-make.PWhat did the man and the girl make?
bookmarkHastiin Nééz doo ’asht’é’égóó nihibéégashii yá doolnih.
Mr. Long extremely 1pl-cow 3-for 3-annoy.ProgHastiin sání léi’ ’áłchíní bił yanáa’áago yił nahalne’.
man old INDEF children 3-with 3-pile.NI-COMP 3-with 3-tell.CIHatáálgóó déyáago shikélchí t’óó tsxį́į́łgo bił ’ada’shéshiizhgo ńdaséłkad.
ceremony-1-go-Fut-GO 1-moccasin merelyhurry.GO 3-with 3-1-pierce-GO 3-1-sew-PHáádę́ę’shą’ díí ch’ah nizhóní léi’ naa yílts’id?
where-from-Q DEM hat 3-beautiful.NI INDEF 2-to 3-move.air.SRO.PHáádę́ę́’shą’ tó ndahohheeh?
where-from-Q water pl-3-2-haul.LPB.IHáágóó lá Bíl doogááł nízin Jáan?
where-toward Q Bill 3-go.sg.F 3-want.CI JohnHáágóó lá Bíl doogááł nízin Jáan?
where-toward Q Bill 3-go.sg.F 3-want.CI JohnHádą́ą́’sh Mary ’ólta’dę́ę́’ nádzá?
when-past-Q Mary school-from 3-return.PHáidíígíí lá neidiyoołnih?
which.one-ÍGÍÍ DISC 3-3-buy.FHáidíígíísh neidiyoołnih nínízin?
which.one-ÍGÍÍ-Q 3-3-buy.F 2-think.NIK’adę́ę ’ałné’e’áahgo díchin bik’ee shitah ’anahodí’niitłi’.
now noon hunger 3-account 1-among 1-shake.RMary ha’át’íí yinízin?
Who-Q what 3-3-want.NINa’ahóóhaii Ya’iijááshtsoh bini góne’ nída’adleeh.
July 3-in 3-into rodeo 3-Pl-SUP-be.RNaadą́ą́’ lá haa néelą́ą́’ nida’ak’eh biyi’ góne’?
corn Q how 3.much.N 2-cornfield 3-in thereNaashnéego jooł báátis yímááz.
1-play-go.CI ball over 3-roll.PNaashnéego jooł báátis yímááz.
1-play-go.CI ball over 3-roll.PNádí daats’í ’éí doodaii’ nideezhí daats’í bááh ’íidoolííł?
older.sister perhaps or younger.sister perhaps bread 3-make.FNichidí háadish nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.PNichidí háadishą’ nííníłbą́ą́z
2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.PNichidísh háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.PNidlóóhísh ’éí doodago doo daats’í nidlóoh da?
2-cold.X-Q TOP or NEG perhaps 2-cold.X-Q NEGNimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
your aunt 3-house-to 2-run-and that-way baby 3-for 2-care.FutNizhé’ésh ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?
2-father-Q what 3-3-buy.PNił hǫ́zhǫ́ǫ́sh doodaii’ doósh nił hózhǫ́ǫ da?
2-with-happy.NI-Q or neg-Q 2-with happy.NI negSáanii ’éétsoh bi’oh ’ádaníłtso.
women coat 3-less.than indef-Pl-3.size.NShicheii t’áá ’íiyisíí hastihgo biniinaa kónááhoot’éhí doo na’ádódlíi da.
1-grandfather very 3-old.N-GO because next.year NEG 3-expect.live.NP NEGShilééch’ąą’í bits’ąą ńdínésht’į́į́’.
1-dog 3-away.from 1-hide.PShizhé’é bidá’ák’eh ’éí shicheii bidá’ák’eh táadi yilááh ’ánáníłtso.
1-father 3-field TOP 1-grandfather 3-at 3-big 3-again-big.NIShínaaí chidí bił dah diilwodgo bizánághah góne’ łeezh ’adzíísi’.
older.brother car 3-with up 3-run.I-GO 3-around areal-in dust 3-trail.PShínaaí tł’éédą́ą́’ hááhgóóshį́į́ Bilagáanak’ehjí bitsąąh yáłti’.
1-brother night-last somehow English 3-sleep 3-talk.PSitsiitł’óól tsásk’eh bikáá’ dah yishłééh.
Navajo.hair.tie bed 3-on up 3-1-put.SFO.USitsóí ’ólta’góó dah diigháahgo ła’ béeso baa yish’ááh.
1-grandchild school-toward up 3-start.to.go.I-GO some money 3-to 3-1-give.SRO.UT’ááłáhádi kin binída’shiilzhiizh dóó hooghangóó dah ńdiikai.
once-at house 3-into-Pl-1dpl-dance.P home-toward start start-1dpl-go.pl.PT’ááłáhádi neeznádiin dóó ba’aan táá’
one hundred and 3-beyond threeTsékooh góyaa tł’óół bee ’adanásh’nah.
canyon areal-down 3-with 1-climb.down.RTsxį́įłgo łees’áán ’ádíílííł nimásání nihaa yighááh!
quickly tortilla 3-2-make.F 2.poss-mat.grandma-NOM 1.pl-to 3-come.FTsé dzídzahashníiłgo baa naashá, daniidoiigo táchééh góne’ yah ’adoo’nił biniiye.
rock into.fire-3-1-put.P-GO 1-go.I 3-become.hot.P-GO sweathouse into in 3-PASS.put.PlO.F 3-becauseTł’ée’go shibee ni’dildlaadí bóhosésa’go ch’ééh ’ádináhweessił.
night-GO 1-flashlight 3-1-miss.P-GO in.vain reflex-1-grope.ProgTł’éédą́ą́’ásh nahóółtą́ kééhót’ínígi?
night-past-Q rain.P 2-live.NI-atTł’óodiísh t’ah ’áłchíní nidaané?
outside-Q still children pl-3-play.IAre the children still playing outside?
bookmarkyiishjį́į́h
1-become black, get sunburned.IYiską́ągoósh ’adeestsił nínízingo bee na’anishí hasht’enilééh?
tomorrow-Q 1-make.F 2-want.NI-GO tool 3-2-prepare.IThere are currently 1051 entries, 989 audio files, and 0 images.
All content copyright © the Navajo community. (2021)
This lexicon was authored by Devon Denny, Natalie R. Desiderio, Jeremy Fahringer, Theodore B. Fernald, Ronald Gene, Johnny Harvey, Betsy H. Horner, Sammy Largo, Lorene B. Legah, Sharon Nelson, Tyler Tinhorn, and Ronald Yazzie.
Dictionary produced by Ted Fernald, K. David Harrison and Jeremy Fahringer. (2021)
Supported in part with funding from a NSF grant (PI Fernald, Collaborative Research: Training the next generation of Navajo language scientists, Award #1563672).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
All rights reserved. Do not distribute or reproduce without permission.
how to cite:
Fernald, Theodore B., Devon Denny, Natalie R. Desiderio, Jeremy Fahringer, Ronald Gene, Johnny Harvey, Betsy H. Horner, Sammy Largo, Lorene B. Legah, Sharon Nelson, Tyler Tinhorn, and Ronald Yazzie. 2021.
Navajo Verb Modes: grammar and examples.
Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages.
http://www.talkingdictionary.org/navajo_verb_mode
Interface and database design under the direction of Jeremy Fahringer and Swarthmore College ITS.
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