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-ísh

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enclitic for yes/no questions

Ch’ah ’éí doodaii’ nák’ee sinilí łizhinígíí daats’í nee hólǫ́’?

hat or sunglasses perhaps 2-with 4-exist.NI
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Do you have a hat or sunglasses? / Maybe you have a hat or sunglasses.

Da’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?

Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NI

Da’ Ron saad nináánéíłkaah ya’?

Q Ron word 3-3-investigate.I Q

listenloadingplayingSpeaker: Linda PlaterolistenloadingplayingSpeaker: Lorene B Legah

Ron’s investigating words again?

Da’ shééhonísin?

Q 1-2-know.NI
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Do you know me?

Dibéésh nee hólǫ́?

sheep-Q 2-with 4-exist.NI

Dichinísh doodaii’ dibáá’ísh dzinízin?

hunger-Q or thirst-Q 3-4-want.NI

Díísh haa yit’éego ’atiin?

this-Q how 3-be.NI road
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How is this road?

Díkwíí lá ninááhai?

how.many Q 2-winter
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How old are you?

Díkwíí shą’ ninááhai?

how.many Q 2-winter.NI
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How old are you?

Ha’át’éegishą’ nich’ah nííní’ą́?

where-at-Q 2-hat 3-2-set.down.SRO.P
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Where did you leave your hat? Where did you set your hat down?

Ha’át’éego lá ’íiyisíí ’atiinjį’ ’ańdeeshdááł lá?

how Q main road-up.to 1-back-on-go.F DISC
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How can I get back onto the main road?

Ha’át’íí shį́į́ biniinaa łeech’ąą’í nidahał’in?

what perhaps 3-because dog pl-3-bark.I

Ha’át’ííshą’ hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?

what-Q man and girl 3-3-make.P
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What did the man and the girl make?

Ha’át’íí́sh baa hane’?

What Q 3-for be.told.CI

haa + Neuter V

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how / what V. The ’h’-expressions formed with ’haa’ plus a neuter verb are used to pose questions about “physical characteristics, quantity, and degree”.

haa néelt’e’

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how much, how many, what quantity. [count]

haa nízahdę́ę́’ hoolzhiizh

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for how long

Haa’í lá neezgai?

where Q 3-hurt.N

Haa’ísh neezgai?

where-Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haash nízah kodóó nighanjį’?

how-Q 3-long.N here-from 2-home-to

Hahgo hooghan ’ájílééh?

When hogan 4-make.I

Hahgo hooghan ’ánílééh?

when hogan 3-2-make.I
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When are you building a hogan?

há’at’é-P.ENCLITIC

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where. The expressions formed with ’há’at’é-’ either appear with a postpositional enclitic (also with the subordinating complementizer ’-go’, which we listed separately)

hááji

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where, which way

Hádą́ą́’ Jáan Tó Hónaanígóó naayá?

When past John ocean across-to 3-go.P

Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa lá?

who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P DISC
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(I wonder) who made this boat?

háidí

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which one

Háí dahoneesná, Kinłánídę́ę́’ ’Óola yee ’ádadójíhígíí doodago Gah Bikee’ Taah Yí’áhídę́ę́’ Hado yee ’ádadójíhígíí daats’í?

who pl-3-win.P Denver-from nugget 3-with RFLX-pl-4-call.NI-nom or Florida-from heat 3-with RFLX-pl-4-call.NI-nom perhaps

Háí lá ’ałhosh?

who Q 3-sleep.I

Háí lá b nanilnish?

who Q 3-with 2-work.I

Háísh tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?

who-Q boat 3-3-make.P

Háádę́ę’shą’ díí ch’ah nizhóní léi’ naa yílts’id?

where-from-Q DEM hat 3-beautiful.NI INDEF 2-to 3-move.air.SRO.P

Kwe’éshą’ haa nízah nináhálzhishgo nináháltį́į́h?

here-Q how 3-long.N-up.to time.move.R-GO rain.R
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How often does it rain here?

Mary ha’át’íí yinízin?

Mary what 3-3-want.NI

Na’nízhoozhígóó deeyá, ya’?

Gallup-toward 2-go.sg.F Q

Nichidí háadish nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.P

N bééhózinísh ’éí doodaii’ nicheii daats’í b bééhózin?

2-with 3-know.CI-Q TOP or 2-grandfather perhaps 3-with 3-know.CI

Nił hǫ́zhǫ́ǫ́sh doodaii’ doósh nił hózhǫ́ǫ da?

2-with-happy.NI-Q or neg-Q 2-with happy.NI neg

Ńléí ’asdzą́ą́ sáníshą’ háí ’át’į́?

there woman old-Q what 3-be.N
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Who’s that old lady over there?

Shééhonísinísh?

1-2-know.NI-Q
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Do you know me?

Shizhé’éésh łį́į́’ yiyííshǫǫdę́ę ’ayóó ’eelwod?

1-father horse-Q 3-3-tame.P-COMP.past really 3-run.away.P

T’ahdiísh nahałtin?

still-Q area-rain.CI
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Is it still raining?

Yadiizíníshą’ haa néelt’e’go nínízin?

can-Q how 3.many.N-GO 2-want.NI

Yadiizíníshą’ haa néelt’e’go nínízin?

can-Q how 3.many.N-GO 2-want.NI

Yiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhídi háadish ’adeeshį́į́ł ninízin?

tomorrow Gallup-at where-Q 2-eat.F 2-want.CI

Yiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhígóó deet’áazhgo haa’í lá ’adiidį́į́ł?

tomorrow Gallup-to 1dpl-go.du.F-GO where Q 1pdl-eat.F

Yiską́ągoósh ’adeestsił nínízingo bee na’anishí hasht’enilééh?

tomorrow-Q 1-make.F 2-want.NI-GO tool 3-2-prepare.I

ʼAwéé chʼídeeldloʼ. ʼA’áshįįh daatsʼí nihee dahólǫ́.

baby 3-laugh.P Navajo.salt perhaps 2dpl-with pl-HO-exist.NI