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-ísh

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enclitic for yes/no questions

Chidí daats’í bee hólǫ́ ’éí doodaii’ niísh chidí nee hólǫ́?

car maybe 3-with 4-exist.N TOP or 2-Q car 2-with 4-exist.NI

Chidí naat’a’íísh hooghankáá’góó ch’ínísaal ’éí doodaii’ dziłghą́ą́’góó daats’í?

airplane house-over-along over-3-fly.P TOP or mountain-attached-along perhaps

Chidíísh bee hólǫ́ ’éí doodago ni daats’í ła’ nee hólǫ́?

car-Q 3-with 4-exist.N TOP or 2 maybe one 2-with 4-exist.NI

da’

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particle for yes/no questions

Da’ ’ałní’ní’ą́ąjį’ tł’óo’di nishínílnish?

Q noon-until outside-at 2-work.P

Dibé bitsį’ doodago béégashii bitsį’ daats’í nínízin?

sheep 3-meat or cow 3-meat possibly 3-2-want.NI

Díidí háísh bichidí?

this who-Q 3-car

Díí yihahígíí biyi’, háísh tówónaanígóó ch’aa deeyá?

this year.IGII within who overseas.GOO travel 3-going.F-Q

Dííshą’ látsíní háádę́ę́’ naa ninídee’?

this-Q bracelet where-from 2-to 3-arrive.PlO.P

Díkwíí jį́ nanilnish?

how.many-Q day 2-work.I

Donovanísh aadę́ę́’ deeyá?

Donovan-Q from-there 3-come.P
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Is it Donovan that is coming?

Díkwíí lá ninááhai?

how.many Q 2-winter
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How old are you?

Gohwééh nayiisnii’diísh b bééhózin?

coffee 3-3-buy.P-at-Q 3-with 3-know.NI

Ha’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo díníyáa da?

why-Q neg 2-go.sg.P NEG
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Why didn’t you go?

Ha’át’íí lá neidiyoołnih lá?

what DISC 3-3-buy.F DISC
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What is she going to buy?

Ha’át’íísh nizhé’é nahideeshnih nízin.

what-Q 2-father 3-1-buy.F 3-want.NI

Ha’át’ííshą’ hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?

what-Q man and girl 3-3-make.P
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What did the man and the girl make?

haa + Neuter V

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how / what V. The ’h’-expressions formed with ’haa’ plus a neuter verb are used to pose questions about “physical characteristics, quantity, and degree”.

haa néelt’e’

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how much, how many, what quantity. [count]

haa nízah

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how far is it, how much time

haa nízah nináhálzhishgo shą’

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‘how often’, what span of time

haa nóoshóní

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how pretty is it

Haa’í shą’ neezgai?

where Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haa’ísh neezgai?

where-Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haaʼísh dáʼákʼeh?

where-Q cornfield
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Where is the cornfield?

Hahgo hooghan ’ádíílííł?

when hogan 3-2-make.F

Hahgo hooghan ’ánílééh?

when hogan 3-2-make.I
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When are you building a hogan?

Hastiin dóó ’at’ééd lá ha’át’íí ’áyiilaa?

man and girl Q what 3-3-make.P
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What did the man and the girl make?

há’at’é-P.ENCLITIC

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where. The expressions formed with ’há’at’é-’ either appear with a postpositional enclitic (also with the subordinating complementizer ’-go’, which we listed separately)

Háadish nichidí nííníłbą́ą́z?

where-at-Q 2-car 3-2-.park.P

Háágóó díníyá?

where-to 2-go.F

Háágóó lá díníyá?

where-to.Q 2-go.F

hááji

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where, which way

H lá bá nidáá’?

who Q 3-for 2-enemyway.ceremony

Háí lá tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?

who Q boat 3-3-make.P
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Who made a boat?

Háí lá́ bá nidáá’?

who Q 3-for 2-enemyway.ceremony
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Who is enemyway ceremony for?

Háísh ’átsą́ą́’ jóyą́ą́’ laanaa nízin?

Who ribs 4-eat.O hope 3-3-want.CI

Háíshą’ tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?

who-Q boat 3-3-make.P
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Who made a boat?

Jáan, nanilnishísh?

John 2-work.I-Q
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John, are you working?

Mary ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?

Mary what 3-3-buy.P
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What did Mary buy?

Na’nízhoozhígóó náádínídzáago háadish ’adeeshį́į́ł nínízin?

Gallup-toward again-2-go.R-GO where-Q 1-eat-F 2-want.NI

Na’nízhoozhígóósh díníyá?

Gallup-to-Q 2-go.SP

Nichidí háadish nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.P

Nihimásání ha’át’íí lá yinízin?

1dpl-grandmother what LÁ 3-3-want.NI

Nizhe’é haash wolyé?

2-father what-Q 3-call.NI
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What is your father’s name?

Nizhé’é ha’át’íísh nahideeshnih nízin.

2-father-Q what 3-1-buy.F 3-want.NI

ya’

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particle for tag questions

Yiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhígóó deet’áazhgo haa’í lá ’adiidį́į́ł?

tomorrow Gallup-to 1dpl-go.du.F-GO where Q 1pdl-eat.F

“Shich’é’é baa shíni’" diníine’. T’ahdiísh t’áá ’ákónít’é?

1-daughter 3-about 1-mind 2-say.P still-Q just 2-well.NI