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-ísh

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enclitic for yes/no questions

Bá’ólta’ísh Jáan ’éí doodaii’ Mary daats’í yich’į’ haadzíí’?

teacher-Q John TOP or Mary perhaps 3-to 3-talk.P

Ch’ah ’éí doodaii’ nák’ee sinilí łizhinígíí daats’í nee hólǫ́’?

hat or sunglasses perhaps 2-with 4-exist.NI
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Do you have a hat or sunglasses? / Maybe you have a hat or sunglasses.

Dibéésh nee hólǫ́?

sheep-Q 2-with 4-exist.NI

Dichin nínízin ya’?

hungry 2-want.NI Q

Díí haa yit’éego ’atiin?

this how 3-be.NI road
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How is this road?

Díí yihahígíí biyi’, háísh tówónaanígóó ch’aa deeyá?

this year.IGII within who overseas.GOO travel 3-going.F-Q

Díkwíí jį́ nanilnish?

how.many-Q day 2-work.I

Díkwíísh ninááhai?

how.many-Q 2-winter.NI

Doo b bééhózin da ya’?

neg 3-with 3-know.CI neg Q

Gohwééh t’áá bizhání ’éí doodaii’ ’abe’ bgo daats’í nínízin?

coffee only TOP or milk perhaps 3-with 3-2-want.NI

Ha’a’aahdę́ę́sh naaghan ’éí doodago e’e’aahdę́ę́sh naaghan?

east-from-Q 2-home TOP or west-from-Q 2 home

Ha’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo ’azee’ál’į́į́góó nisíníyáa da?

why-Q NEG hospital-to 2-go.sg.P NEG

Ha’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo díníyáa da?

why-Q neg 2-go.sg.P NEG
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Why didn’t you go?

Ha’át’íí biniiyé ’ákǫ́ǫ́ díníyá?

what 3-for.purpose there 2-start.go.P

Ha’át’íí lá neidiyoołnih lá?

what DISC 3-3-buy.F DISC
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What is she going to buy?

haa níldííl

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how large is it

Haa’í shą’ neezgai?

where Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haash nízah kodóó nighanjį’?

how-Q 3-long.N here-from 2-home-to

há’at’é-P.ENCLITIC

where. The expressions formed with ’há’at’é-’ either appear with a postpositional enclitic (also with the subordinating complementizer ’-go’, which we listed separately)

Háadi lá dibé nidahaniih?

where-at Q sheep pl-3-pass-sell.CI

háá-P.ENCLITIC

where. The expressions formed with ’háá-’ have a postpositional enclitic following them which indicates information about direction, location, or path.

háádę́ę́’

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from where

Háágóó shą’ díníyá?

where-to.Q 2-go.F

hááji

Hádą́ą́’sh Mary ’ólta’dę́ę́’ nádzá?

when-past-Q Mary school-from 3-return.P

háí

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who

Háí dahoneesná, Kinłánídę́ę́’ ’Óola yee ’ádadójíhígíí doodago Gah Bikee’ Taah Yí’áhídę́ę́’ Hado yee ’ádadójíhígíí daats’í?

who pl-3-win.P Denver-from nugget 3-with RFLX-pl-4-call.NI-nom or Florida-from heat 3-with RFLX-pl-4-call.NI-nom perhaps

H lá bá nidáá’?

who Q 3-for 2-enemyway.ceremony

Háí lá bił nanilnish?

who Q 3-with 2-work.I
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I am wondering who you are working with?

Háí lá kintahgóó sh adoołbąs?

who-Q town-to 1-me 3-drive.F

Háísh ’átsą́ą́’ jóyą́ą́’ laanaa nízin?

Who ribs 4-eat.O hope 3-3-want.CI

Háísh tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?

who-Q boat 3-3-make.P

lá

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particle for content questions

Mary ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?

Mary what 3-3-buy.P
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What did Mary buy?

Na’azhǫǫshgi díkwíí shį́į́ shaa woobįįh?

hoop.and.pole.game-at how.much 1-to pass-win.I
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How much will I lose at the hoop and pole game?

Ni daats’í nił bééhózin ’éí doodaii’ nicheii daats’í bił bééhózin?

2 perhaps 2-with 3-know.CI TOP or 2-grandfather perhaps 3-with 3-know.CI

Nichidísh háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.P

Nichidí háadi-sh nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.P
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Where did you park your car?

Nichidí háadish nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.P

Nidlóóhísh ’éí doodago doo daats’í nidlóoh da?

2-cold.X-Q TOP or NEG perhaps 2-cold.X-Q NEG

Nidlóóhísh doodaii’ doo daats’í nidlóoh da?

2-cold.I-Q or neg perhaps 2-cold.I neg

Nizhé’ésh ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?

2-father-Q what 3-3-buy.P
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As for your father, what did he buy?

Nił hǫ́zhǫ́ǫ́sh doodaii’ doósh nił hózhǫ́ǫ da?

2-with-happy.NI-Q or neg-Q 2-with happy.NI neg

Shoo sitsóí, da’ Na’nízhoozhigóó n ’adeeswod?

hey 1-grandson Q Gallup-to 2-with 2-go.F

Tł’óodiísh t’ah ’áłchíní nidaané?

outside-Q still children pl-3-play.I
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Are the children still playing outside?

Yadiizíníshą’ haa néelt’e’go nínízin?

can-Q how 3.many.N-GO 2-want.NI

Yiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhídi, háádish ’adeeshį́į́ł ninízin?

tomorrow Gallup-at where-Q 2-eat.F 2-want.CI

Yiską́ągo Na’nízhoozhígóó deet’áazhgo haa’í lá ’adiidį́į́ł?

tomorrow Gallup-to 1dpl-go.du.F-GO where Q 1pdl-eat.F