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-ísh

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enclitic for yes/no questions

Bá’ólta’ísh Jáan ’éí doodaii’ Mary daats’í yich’į’ haadzíí’?

teacher-Q John TOP or Mary perhaps 3-to 3-talk.P

Ch’ah ’éí doodaii’ nák’ee sinilí łizhinígíí daats’í nee hólǫ́’?

hat or sunglasses perhaps 2-with 4-exist.NI
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Do you have a hat or sunglasses? / Maybe you have a hat or sunglasses.

Ch’iyáán nináhíłnihgo haa nízahjį’ ’ánádįįh?

food 3-2-buy.R how 3-long.N-up.to 3-become.none.R

Chidí daats’í bee hólǫ́ ’éí doodaii’ niísh chidí nee hólǫ́?

car maybe 3-with 4-exist.N TOP or 2-Q car 2-with 4-exist.NI

Chidí naat’a’í ’íinilaaígíí háajį’ ninít’a’?

airplane 3-2-make.P-ÍGÍÍ where-up.to 3-fly.P
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How far did the airplane that you built go when it flew?

da’

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particle for yes/no questions

Da’ chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?

Q car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NI

Da’ dibé nee hólǫ́?

Q sheep 2-with 3-exist.NI
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Do you have sheep?

Da’ dichin nínízin?

Q hungry 2-want.NI

Da’ k’ad daats’í ch’iyáán ’áníléehgo n ’adazh’niiyą́ą́’?

Q now perhaps food 2-make.I-GO 2-for feast.happen

daats’í

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particle for perhaps

Díidí háísh bichidí?

this who-Q 3-car

Díkwíí lá ninááhai?

how.many Q 2-winter

Díkwíísh nibeegashii?

how.many-Q 2-cow

Díkwíí lá ninááhai?

how.many Q 2-winter
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How old are you?

Gohwééh t’áá bizhání ’éí doodaii’ ’abe’ bgo daats’í nínízin?

coffee only TOP or milk 3-with-GO perhaps 3-2-want.NI

Ha’at’iish náádaadi’ní?

what-Q again-pl-3-say.I

Ha’át’éegoshą’ ’ayóo náníldzid?

why-Q very 2-fear.I
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Why are you afraid?

Ha’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo díníyáa da?

why-Q neg 2-go.sg.P NEG
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Why didn’t you go?

Ha’át’íí shį́į́ biniinaa łeech’ąą’í nidahał’in?

what perhaps 3-because dog pl-3-bark.I

Ha’át’íí́sh baa hane’?

What Q 3-for be.told.CI

haa nízah nináhálzhishgo shą’

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‘how often’, what span of time

haa níłnééz

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how long, how tall is it

Haa’í shą’ neezgai?

where Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haa’ísh neezgai?

where-Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haashą’ ʼátʼé, shí bichʼįʼ haʼdiisdzih.

how-Q 3-be.NI 1 3-to 1-speak.F

Haaʼísh niʼnisʼbąąs?

where-Q 3-1-park.F
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Where should I park?

Hahgo hooghan ’ánílééh?

when hogan 3-2-make.I
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When are you building a hogan?

Hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí lá ’áyiilaa?

man and girl what Q 3-3-make.P
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What did the man and the girl make?

há’at’é-P.ENCLITIC

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where. The expressions formed with ’há’at’é-’ either appear with a postpositional enclitic (also with the subordinating complementizer ’-go’, which we listed separately)

Háádę́ę́’shą’ tó ndahohheeh?

where-from-Q water pl-3-2-haul.LPB.I

Háágóó díníyá?

where-to 2-go.F

hááji

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where, which way

Hádą́ą́’ hooghan ’ájíilaa?

When-past this hogan 3-4-make.P

Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa lá?

who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P DISC

listenloadingplayingSpeaker: Tyler TinhornlistenloadingplayingSpeaker: Lorene B LegahlistenloadingplayingSpeaker: Ron Gene

(I wonder) who made this boat?

Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa?

who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P
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(I wonder) who made this boat?

Háísh tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?

who-Q boat 3-3-make.P

Hoł háádaalch’ąłí biyi’ góne’ésh t’áá hwííní’į́?

4-with elevator areal.inside-Q 3-see.P
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Have you ever seen inside of an elevator?

Jáan naalnishísh?

John 3-work.I-Q

Mary ha’át’íísh nayiisnii’?

Mary what-Q 3-to.buy.I
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What did Mary buy?

Na’azhǫǫshgi díkwíí shį́į́ shaa woobįįh?

hoop.and.pole.game-at how.much 1-to pass-win.I
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How much will I lose at the hoop and pole game?

Nichidísh háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.P

Nizhé’ésh ha’át’íí nayiisnii’?

2-father-Q what 3-3-buy.P
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As for your father, what did he buy?

Nił hǫ́zhǫ́ǫ́sh doodaii’ doósh nił hózhǫ́ǫ da?

2-with-happy.NI-Q or neg-Q 2-with happy.NI neg

Niłísh bééhosin doodaii’ biłísh bééhozin?

2-with-Q 3-know.CI or 3-with-Q 3-know.CI

Shééhonísinísh?

1-2-know.NI-Q
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Do you know me?

Shizhé’éésh łį́į́’ yiyííshǫǫdę́ę ’ayóó ’eelwod?

1-father horse-Q 3-3-tame.P-COMP.past really 3-run.away.P