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’Abe’ yistiní hazhóó’ógo ni’ ninishtłeeh ńt’éé’ nááłhęęsh.
ice.cream carefully stop 3-1-stop.carry.I past 3-fall.P’Adą́ą́dą́ą́’ ’íítseedgo bee na’anishí hasht’enáshdlééh.
yesterday 1-pound.P-GO tool 3-1-put.back.I
listen
Yesterday, I did silverwork, and now I’m putting my tools away.
bookmark- ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ yesterday
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’astsid pound, do silverworkfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -ee by means offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- hasht’enáshdlééh put backfind in Navajo Verb Modes
’Ak’éégo ’éí chizh niléí keehaidi ninahdahiigééh nt’éé’.
autumn-GO that wood over.there winter.camp-at pl-3-1-unload.P past’Ashkii bi’éé’ hazhó’ó ’ayíyiishchid dóó ’ólta’ góne’ yah ’ííyá.
boy 3-shirt nicely 3-3-tuck.in.P and school into into 3-go.P’Ashkii nishłínę́ędą́ą́’ łah yoostsah bik’íníyá.
boy 1-be.NI-past once ring 3-1-find.P’Atsį’ t’éiyá nahidoonih lágo naalyéhé bá hooghangóó ’o’oolwod nít’éé’ da’deelkaal lá.
meat only 3-buy.F DISC-GO trading post-toward 3-drive.P past 3-close.P DISC
listen
They drove to the trading post to buy only meat but it was closed.
bookmark- t’éiyá only
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nahashniih buy, sellfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- lá + go discovery + adverbializerfind in Navajo Particle Lexicon
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Progressive (Prog)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’oolwoł drivefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- lá I discoveredfind in Navajo Particle Lexicon
’Ałk’idą́ą́’ shimá bił na’nishkaadgo ’aghaa’ yisdizígíí dibé yázhí yichíihgo yizénéíłt’ih.
long ago 1-mother 3-with SUP-1-herd.I-GO wool 3-spin.P-ígíí lamb 3-birth.P-GO 3-neck-around-3-tie.P
listen
Long ago, while herding sheep with my mother, she used to tie a yarn around the newborn lamb’s neck.
bookmark- ’ałk’idą́ą́’ long ago, formerly
- -dą́ą́’ past timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- na’nishkaad herd, go out herdingfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -go verb and subordinating enclitic
- -go verb and subordinating enclitic
’Áłchíní hastą́ą́ binidááhaidóó deigo hodees’áago t’áá ’ałtso da’ółta’go yá’át’ééh.
children six 3-year.P-from up areal-extend.NP all pl-3-study.NI-GO 3-good.N’Hágoónee’, béeso shaa ní’aah.
well money 1-for 2-give.SRO.IDaango k’ééda’dilyééh nt’éé’ t’áádoo k’ééda’diilyáa da.
spring-GO 3-plant.R past NEG 3-3-plant.P NEG
listen
We used to plant in the springtime, but this time we didn’t.
bookmark- -go verb and subordinating enclitic
- Iterative (R)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- k’idishłé plant itfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńt’éé’ pastfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- ńt’éé’ relates to past time
- t’áadoo not
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- k’idishłé plant itfind in Navajo Verb Modes
de, deg
Dibé bighan báátis dah yiishte’.
Sheep corral 3-over up 1-climb.PDibé yázhí ła’ yóó’ ’ííyáá ńt’ę́ę́’ tsiyi’di bik’íníyá.
lamb one away 3-go.P past forest-at 3-find.it.PDibé yázhi bimá doo boosáni da, biʼnootsaał.
sheep little 3-mother NEG 3-love.I NEG 3-starve.ODoo ’íits’a’ída nít’éé’ ’áłt’ąą Irene níyáago ’índa hahodíídláád.
NEG 3-sound.P-NEG past finally Irene 3-arrive.P-go only.then 3-uproar.PDooládó’ shį́į́ ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ shich’ohoos’ni’ da kintah góyaa yishááł ńt’éé’ béeso naadiinígíí ńdiiłtsooz.
wow probably yesterday 1-lucky.P town areal down 1-go.I Past money twenty-NOM 3-sit.FFO.PDoozhǫǫgo da’ííłta’ígíí t’éiyá yá’át’éehgo naanish bá dahólǫ́.
satisfactory pl-3-study.P-NOM only 3-good.N-GO work 3-for pl-3-exist.NIDziłghą́’ą́ bizaad diists’a’ laanaa.
White.Mountain.Apache 3-language 1-understand.NI wishhahí
hágoónee’
K’ad ’ałníí’góó ’eeshtł’óół doo yę́ę ła’ damóo yę́ędą́ą́’ t’áadoo ’asétł’ǫ́ǫ da.
now half-toward 1-weave.Prog future past one Sunday when.past NEG 1-weave.P NEG
listen
I could have been halfway through weaving, but last week I didn’t weave at all.
bookmark- Progressive (Prog)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ashtł’ó weavefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ashtł’ó weavefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- k’ad now
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- -dą́ą́’ past timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- time
- yę́ędą́ą́’ pastfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
K’ad cháshk’eh góyaa tó de ’anool’ąął.
now wash down water up 3-rise.ProgThe water’s rising now down in the wash.
bookmarkK’ad nitsii’ yiilch’ííł ’ákó doo niba’ da doo.
now 2-hair 3-2-curl.I so.then.NI NEG 2-wait NEG will.be.FKinŁánídi ’ííníshta’ ńt’éé’ ’áádóó t’áá ’ániidígo ’áadi náánísdzáá ńtéé’ ’ééhosisya’ lá.
Flagstaff-in 1-study.P past and.then just recently there-at 1-return.P past 1-get.hazy.P discNa’nízhoozhígóó náádínídzáago háadish ’adeeshį́į́ł nínízin?
Gallup-toward again-2-go.R-GO where-Q 1-eat-F 2-want.NI
listen
When you go to Gallup again where do you want to eat?
bookmark- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Iterative (R)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishááh gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -go verb and subordinating enclitic
- háadi where atfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- -sh enclitic for content questionsfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ashą́ eatfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Neuter Imperfective (NI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nisin think, wantfind in Navajo Verb Modes
Naaki yiskánídą́ą́’ da’iiníílta’go hahoolzhiizh.
two day-past pl-1dpl-school.NI-GO start-time.passing.PNáá’íídéeshtah nisin doodago t’óó siláogóó deeshááł.
again-1-go.school.F 1-want or merely military-to 1-go.FNáńsdzáago t’áá ’íídą́ą́’ ’ííníyą́ą’ dooleeł.
back-1-go.sg.P-GO just already INDEF-2-eat.P FUTNibéézh bee hane’ doo ndi naalnish da.
2-cellphone NEG but 3-work.P NEGNimá yázhí bighangóó díílwoł dóó ’áájí ’awéé’ baa ’áhólyą́ą dooleeł.
2-auntie 3-house-toward 2-run.F and there-at baby 3-to 2-care.CI FUT
listen
Go to your aunt’s house and take care of the baby over there.
bookmark- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishwoł run alongfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -jí on the side of, in the direction of, in the manner offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- benefactive
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’áháshyą́ carefind in Navajo Verb Modes
- dooleeł future
Níwe, doo ch’il bikáá’ nijigháa da!
stop NEG plant 3-on 3-4-walk.I NEGńt’éé’
Shimósí yázhí tsin yąąh dah sidáago hádésh’na’ ńt’éé’ ’áłt’ąą hadanáálwod.
1-cat little tree 3-on up 3-sit.SPN-GO 1-climb.P but after.all 3-run.down.PShí ’éí doo shił bééhozin da nít’éé’.
1-possessive TOP NEG 3-3-knowledge.CI NEG pastShį́įhgo, doo haigo sin hadidii’áał da.
summer-GO, NEG winter-GO song start-2.sing.F NEGT’ah ’ałk’idídą́ą́’ sik’is t’áá yiiłtsą́ą́ nít’ę́ę́’.
still long-ago 1-friend just 3-1-see.P pastT’áá kwe’é shiba’ sínídáa doleeł.
just right.here 1-waiting.for 2-sit.SPN FUTTáá’ daats’í shinááhaigo Hwéeldi hoolyéégóó shił dah ’adiiná níigo halne’ łeh shicheii.
three maybe 1-year.P-GO Fort.Sumner-at areal-be.called-toward 1-with start.off 3-migrate.P 3-say.NI-GO 4-tell. usually 1-grandfatherTó lą’ígo nidlą́ ’áko bee nitah yá’áhoot’ééh dooleeł.
water many 3-2-drink.DI so 3-with 2-among pl-3-good.NI future
listen
Drink lots of water so that you can be healthy.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’áko so, so that, so thenfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- -ee by means offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- -tah, -taa-, -ta- among, mixingfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Neuter Imperfective (NI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- dooleeł future
Tsé ’ayóí ’áníłtso léi’ tsékooh góyaa hadah ch’ééłmááz.
rock remarkably large INDEF canyon areal-down areal-edge out-3-1-roll.PTsinaabąąs bikáá’dę́ę́’ t’áá ’ałkéé’ ’adahaago’ ndeii’néego.
wagon 3-top-from just one-after-another down-1Pl-fall.P 3Pl-play.CI-GO.CITsxį́įłgo naalkidígíí neeznáá yidziihgo Jóhonaa’éí daolyéii ch’ééh ’iih da’ałne’ nít’éé’ ’áłt’ąą ’ałtso ’o’oolkidgo ’índa ’iih da’asne’.
fast-GO 3-tick-ÍGÍÍ ten 3-remain.I-GO Suns pl-3-call.NI-NMLZ in.vain 3-into pl-3-3-throw.I past until.after all clock-go finally 3-into pl-3-3.throw.P
listen
The Phoenix Suns tried to make a basket within 10 seconds to win, they finally made a basket after the time expired.
bookmark- tsxį́įłgo quickly, fast
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ch’ééh in vain, futilely, try
- -iih intofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- ’áłt’ąą after all
- ’áłt’ąą after all, in spite of unfortunatelyfind in Navajo Particle Lexicon
- nit’ee’ pastfind in Navajo Particle Lexicon
- ’índa and only thenfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes




