Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Ahbínídą́ą́’ t’áadoo ’ííyą́ą́’góó biniinaa wónáásdóó dichin shi’niiłhį́.
morning-past neg 1-eat.P-GO.NEG 3-because soon hunger 1-3-kill.II did not eat this morning, so I am hungry now.
bookmark- ’ahbínídą́ą́’ this morning
- t’áadoo not
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ashą́ eatfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -niinaa because of, on account offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- wónáásdóó soon, finally
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- sisxé killfind in Navajo Verb Modes
’Ak’éégo ’éí chizh niléí keehaidi ninahdahiigééh nt’éé’.
autumn-GO that wood over.there winter.camp-at pl-3-1-unload.P past’Ashiiké yázhí ła’ chidí yikáá’dę́ę́’ ’adah ’adoogoh.
boys little INDEF car 3-on-from down 3-fall.F’Awéé’ bimá bit’ah sitį́.
baby 3-mother 3-undercover 3-lying.SPN’Ałk’ésdisí naháłnii’go sitsilí dóó shideezhí ’aheełt’éego bá ’ahá níjaa’.
candy 3-1-buy.CI-GO 1-little.brother and 1-little.sister 3-1 split-GO.I 3-for 3-1 gave.I’Ałk’idą́ą́’ tł’oh naadą́ą́’ dant’į́įhgo łį́į́’ doodaii’ béégashii da há hadahwiił’éés ńt’éé’.
long.ago grass corn 3-ripen.I-GO horse or cow etc. 4-for 3-stomp.I past’Áko ’índa ’ákǫ́ǫ́ dah diiyá.
after.that to.there start 1.go.I’Éí naanishígíí haa nízahdę́ę́’ binanilnishgo hoolzhiizh?
that work-ÍGÍÍ how 3-long.N-past 3-2-work-GO time.move.P’Oółháásh lágo.
2-sleep.O don’tBeeldléí danołtsóós.
blanket pl-3-2dpl-bring.FFO.ICh’óóshdą́ą́dą́ą́’ Bilagáanaa Bizaad doo diists’a’ da. K’ad ’éí t’áá shxǫǫ t’áá bee yáshti’.
formerly English neg 1-understand.I neg. Now TOP good.thing barely 3.with 1.speak-IBefore, I didn’t understand English. Now, thankfully, I can speak some.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- diists’a hear, understandfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yáshti’ speakfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ch’óóshdą́ą́dą́ą́’ formerly, originally
- -ee by means offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- instrumental
Chahash’ohjí ch’ínááhoníshóó’.
brush arbor-JÍ out-again-area-sweep.RChidí ’anáshdlééh, háálá doo naalnish da.
car 3-1-repair.I because NEG 3-work.I NEGChidí naat’a’íísh hooghan yikáá’góó ch’éta’ ’éí doodago daats’í dził yąąhgóó ch’ét’a’?
airplane-Q house 3-over-along 3-fly.P TOP or perhaps mountain 3-over-along 3-fly.PChidíłtsooí bidááh síńzį́į dooleeł.
car-yellow-REL 3-for 2-stand.SPN FUTdadiidį́į́ł
pl-3DO-1dpl-eat.it.FDichin nínízin ya’?
hungry 2-want.NI Qdidadoołjéé’
pl-3DO-2dpl-start.fire.Pdidiiljéé’
3DO-1dpl-start.fire.PDíí tł’óół tsin bik’ídísdis.
this rope stick 3-on-3-1-wrap.IDoo ndó’ daatsaah noolin da.
NEG but 3-be.sick.I 3-resemble.NP NEGDooládó’ shį́į́ ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ shich’ohoos’ni’ da kintah góyaa yishááł ńt’éé’ béeso naadiinígíí ńdiiłtsooz.
wow probably yesterday 1-lucky.P town areal down 1-go.I Past money twenty-NOM 3-sit.FFO.PDziłdę́ę́’ hoołtį́į́ł ńt’éé’ t’áá nihich’į’jį’ ’ásdįįd.
mountain-from areal-rain.Prg past just 1pl-toward-up.to 3-disappear.PHá’át’íí lá hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?
what Q man and girl 3-3-make.PHáíshą’ tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa?
who-Q boat 3-3-make.Pjiigish
3DO-4-make.one.cut.in.it.Ijííyą́ą́’
3DO-4-eat.it.PKénídánííljeehgo, sin ła’ beehódíítał.
shoe.game-GO song some 2-sing.FNaakaii bizaad jółta’ le’ dzinízingo dzizdá.
mexican language 4-read.I wish 4-wish.O-GO 4-sit.PNaʼahóóhai baa nídiikai ʼakó ʼakʼidahiʼniłí bee shíká ʼadíílwoł.
rodeo 3-about 1pl-do.pl.F so saddle.blanket 3-with 1-after 2-help.FWe are having a rodeo, so help me with a saddle blanket.
bookmark- Command, affirmativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- -aa tofind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- Futurefind in Navajo Imperatives
- ’áko so, so that, so thenfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- -ee by means offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- -ká after, forfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
Naʼahóóhai nitsaaígóó dóola dííyééł.
rodeo 3-big-to bull 2-haul.FNáńsdzáago t’áá ’íídą́ą́’ ’ííníyą́ą’ dooleeł.
back-1-go.sg.P-GO just already INDEF-2-eat.P FUTNichidí háadishą’ nííníłbą́ą́z
2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.Pnideiilyé
pl-3DO-1dpl-carry.a.ropelike.thing.around.Icarry a ropelike thing around, 1st person plural
bookmark