Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Ałk’idą́ą́’ ch’iyáán ’ ádayiilaa léi’ ła’ ’ánáádeiilyaa.
long.ago food pl-3-3-make.P Indef. some again-pl-3-1dpl-make.P’Ałk’idą́ą́’ tóniteel bąąhgóó tádííyáhę́ę bénááshnii’.
long.ago ocean 3-beside-along around-1-past 3-1-remember.P’Áádóó shą’?
and.then Q’Ąąh háá’á wolyéii k’ad doo ’asht’é’égóó bik’ee ntsinisdzá.
credit 3-call.P now neg extremely.neg 3-on-account-of overwhelm.P-ch’ijí
toward, on the side, supporting;
bookmark-ee
-k’ee
-ká
-tsé
Damóogo nihaa náájídááh.
Sunday.GO us.return 4-again.visit.Fdashoołbéézh
pl-3DO-2dpl-boil.it.Pdeiilyį́į́h
pl-3DO-1dpl-melt.it.(snow).Ideiilzhóó’
pl-3DO-1dpl-brush/comb.it.Pdeiyą́
pl-3DO-3dpl-eat.it.IDibé bighan báátis dah yiishte’.
Sheep corral 3-over up 1-climb.PDibé yázhí bitsį’ bíchą́ yídéeshni’.
lamb 3-meat 3-crave 3-addicted.NPDiné bikéyah bikáa’gi ndahonidzood yę́ędą́ą́’ Naatsis’áán hoolyéégóó niha’áłchíní bił ’adahineet’į́į́’.
Navajo 3-land 3-on-at pl-areal-3-flee.pl.P past Navajo.Mountain areal-be.called.NI-to 1pl-children 3-with pl-1dpl-sneak.off.PAt the time people were on the run in Navajoland, fleeing in small groups, we sneaked away with our children one group after another, to Navajo Mountain.
bookmark- -káá’ on, on top offind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -gi atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yę́ędą́ą́’ pastfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- Neuter Imperfective (NI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- accompaniment
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
Díigi ’át’éego yigááł.
this-similar.to 3-walk.Progdoo chohoo’į́į́góó
doołbish
3DO-2dpl-boil.it.FGohwééh doo ndi łikan da.
coffee NEG but 3-taste-good.NI NEGGohwééh nayiisnii’ídiísh bił bééhózin?
coffee 3-3-buy.P-at-Q 3-with 3-know.NIDo they know where he bought the coffee?
bookmark- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nahashniih buy, sellfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -ísh enclitic for yes/no questionsfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- -di atfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Neuter Imperfective (NI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nisin think, wantfind in Navajo Verb Modes
ha’át’éegi
where (at what particular location)
bookmarkhadííníłbįįd
3DO-2-fill.something.up.with.it.Pfill something up with it, 2nd person singular
bookmarkhajiłgéésh
3DO-4-cut.it.out.Ihazhnííłchaad
3DO-4-card.it.(as.in.wool).Pháagi
Háágóó lá díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FKintah góyaa yishááł ńt’éé’ béeso ńdiiłtsooz
areal-down 1-go.Prog past money 3-1-pick.FFO.PKinŁánídi ’ííníshta’ ńt’éé’ ’áádóó t’áá ’ániidígo ’áadi náánísdzáá ńtéé’ ’ééhosisya’ lá.
Flagstaff-in 1-study.P past and.then just recently there-at 1-return.P past 1-get.hazy.P discNaalyéhé bá hooghandi tł’oh hániikai ńt’éé’ ’áníídí yee’ ’ásdįįd lágo ’áadi niikai.
trading.post-at hay 1dpl-go.pl.P past recently very 3-disappear.P DISC-GO there 1dpl-go.pl.PNichidí lá háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car Q where-at 3-2-park.PShá bíighah tsiyaa sédáago, shinááł nida’jiłkǫ́ǫ́’.
sun proportionate tree-under 1-sit.SPN-GO 1-watch.CI pl-4-swim.PShighandóó ndáá’góó ’ada’iisdee’go nihí ’éí t’áá yiike’.
1-home-from war.ceremony-to 3-go.away.P we.du.pl TOP just 1du-remain.behind.PShikee’ ’ániidígo biniinaa shikee’ bąąh tó’diisool.
1-shoe recently because 1-foot 3-on 3-blister.form.PShimá bighangóó náshdáahgo łééchąą’í baná’ástso’.
1-mother 3-house-toward again-1-go-GO dog 3-again-1-feed.RShí ’éí t’áá naanishdóó kingóó déyá.
I TOP just work-from town-to 1-go.IAs for me, I went to the town from work.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- déyá gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -dóó from a specific location or point in space or timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- location
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- goal
Shí t’óó ’ááłk’iis yisháałgo shizhé’é tsékooh gódeg ha’asbą́ą́z.
1 merely SUP-alongside 1-go.Prog-GO 1-father canyon areal-up up-3-drive.PShínaaí shikétł’á ’iiyilgo łį́į́’ bikáá’ hasis’na’.
1-older.brother 1-foot-bottom 3-3-boost.P-GO horse 3-top up-1-crawl.PSitsóí ’ólta’góó dah diigháahgo ła’ béeso baa yish’ááh.
1-grandchild school-toward up 3-start.to.go.I-GO some money 3-to 3-1-give.SRO.UWhen my grandchild leaves for school, I usually give him/her some money.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- dishááh start to gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Usitative (U)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yish’aah move it, handle it (SRO)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a datefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon