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-ísh

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enclitic for yes/no questions

Ch’iyáán nináhíłnihgo haa nízahjį’ ’ánádįįh?

food 3-2-buy.R how 3-long.N-up.to 3-become.none.R

Ch’iyáánísh hólǫ́?

food-Q 4-exist.NI
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Is there any food?

Chidí naat’a’íísh hooghan yikáá’góó ch’ét’a’ doodaii’ dził bąąhgóósh ch’ét’a’?

airplane-Q hogan 3-over-along 3-fly.P or mountain 3-side-along-Q 3-fly.P

da’

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particle for yes/no questions

Da’ dichin nínízin?

Q hungry 2-want.NI

Da’ Ron saad nináánéíłkaah ya’?

Q Ron word 3-3-investigate.I Q
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Ron’s investigating words again?

Daniel hahgosh hidilníísh?

Daniel when-Q 3-start.work.I
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When does Daniel go to work?

Díidí háísh bichidí?

this who-Q 3-car

díkwíí

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how many

Díkwíísh ninááhai?

how.many-Q 2-winter.NI

listenloadingplayingSpeaker: Tyler TinhornlistenloadingplayingSpeaker: Lorene B Legah

How old are you?

Gohwééh t’áá bizhání ’éí doodaii’ ’abe’ bgo daats’í nínízin?

coffee only TOP or milk 3-with-GO perhaps 3-2-want.NI

Ha’a’aahdę́ę́sh naaghan ’éí doodago e’e’aahdę́ę́sh naaghan?

east-from-Q 2-home TOP or west-from-Q 2 home

Ha’a’aahjíísh ’éí doodago ’e’e’aahjíísh nighan?

east-from-Q 2-home TOP or west-from-Q 2-home

Ha’at’íí shą’ baa naniná?

what Q 3-2.do.I

Ha’át’éegoshą’ ’ayóo náníldzid?

why-Q very 2-fear.I
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Why are you afraid?

Ha’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo ’azee’ál’į́į́góó nisíníyáa da?

why-Q NEG hospital-to 2-go.sg.P NEG

ha’át’éédę́ę́’

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here from

ha’át’íí biniyé/ biniinaa

Ha’át’íísh Mary nayiisnii’?

What-Q Mary 3-to.buy.I
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What did Mary buy?

haa’í

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where

Haa’ísh neezgai?

where-Q 3-hurt.N
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Where does it hurt?

Haaʼí yeeʼ dibé naakaí?

where-Q show.me sheep 3-walk.around.CI
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Where are the sheep walking?

hahgo

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when [future]

há’at’é-P.ENCLITIC

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where. The expressions formed with ’há’at’é-’ either appear with a postpositional enclitic (also with the subordinating complementizer ’-go’, which we listed separately)

Há’át’íísh hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ’áyiilaa?

what-Q man and girl 3-3-make.P
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What did the man and the girl make?

Háadi niyaa hazlį́į́’?

where-at 2-under area-grow.P
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Where did you grow up?

Háadish nichidí nííníłbą́ą́z?

where-at-Q 2-car 3-2-.park.P

háá-P.ENCLITIC

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where. The expressions formed with ’háá-’ have a postpositional enclitic following them which indicates information about direction, location, or path.

Háágóó lá díníyá?

where-to.Q 2-go.F

Hádą́ą́’ Jáan Tó Hónaanígóó naayá?

When past John ocean across-to 3-go.P

Hádą́ą́’sh Mary ’ólta’dę́ę́’ nádzá?

when-past-Q Mary school-from 3-return.P

Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa lá?

who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P DISC
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(I wonder) who made this boat?

Hái da shą’ tsinaa’eeł ’ájiilaa?

who DA Q boat 3-4-make.P
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(I wonder) who made this boat?

Háí dahoneesná, Kinłánídę́ę́’ ’Óola yee ’ádadójíhígíí doodago Gah Bikee’ Taah Yí’áhídę́ę́’ Hado yee ’ádadójíhígíí daats’í?

who pl-3-win.P Denver-from nugget 3-with RFLX-pl-4-call.NI-nom or Florida-from heat 3-with RFLX-pl-4-call.NI-nom perhaps

H lá bá nidáá’?

who Q 3-for 2-enemyway.ceremony

Háí lá b nanilnish?

who Q 3-with 2-work.I

Háí lá yiską́ągo Tónaneesdizígóó bił ’adeeswod?

who discovery tomorrow.GO Tuba.City.GOO with 3-drive.F-Q

Háíshą’ tsinaa’eeł ’áyiilaa lá?

who-Q boat 3-3-make.P DISC
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Who made a boat?

Jáan, nanilnishísh?

John 2-work.I-Q
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John, are you working?

Joołísh ’atiin tsé’naa ’ahííníłhan doodaii’ daats’í ’anít’i’ báhátis ’ahííníłhan?

ball-Q road across 3-2-throw.P or perhjaps fence 3-over 3-2-throw.P

Nichidí lá háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car where-at-Q 3-2-park.P

Nichidísh háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?

2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.P

Nidlóóhísh doodaii’ doo daats’í nidlóoh da?

2-cold.I-Q or neg perhaps 2-cold.I neg
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Are you cold or not?

Nidlóóhísh doodaii’ dooísh nidlóoh da?

2-cold.I-Q or NEG-Q 2-cold.I-Q NEG

N bééhózinísh ’éí doodaii’ nicheii daats’í b bééhózin?

2-with 3-know.CI-Q TOP or 2-grandfather perhaps 3-with 3-know.CI

Niłísh bééhosin doodaii’ biłísh bééhozin?

2-with-Q 3-know.CI or 3-with-Q 3-know.CI

Yadiizíníshą’ haa néelt’e’go nínízin?

can-Q how 3.many.N-GO 2-want.NI

Yiską́ągoósh ’adeestsił nínízingo bee na’anishí hasht’enilééh?

tomorrow-Q 1-make.F 2-want.NI-GO tool 3-2-prepare.I