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-afafáu

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v wear a hat, cover (something)

-aghagha

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v intr call fowls, cluck

-akaka

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crow (as a rooster), cluck (as a hen)

-amame

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v/a immobile, confined to a mat or bed

-apakapak

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v gust (as the wind)

-arari

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v 1. rotate, turn in circles, turn aside, turn (something) around; 2. turn around at (a place)

-arukwokwe

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v var. of -rukwokwe

akwaku

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ceremony

ia-kawsini nakukua

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v I read a book

(Bislama) mi ridim book

iaku iaku

Geophila
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5141)

iaku-iaku

Portulaca oleracea
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[jaku jaku] n. kind of herb (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3165)

kakwsariakwsari

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n month name (archaic, corresponding to October)

kamkariamkari

Cyrtophora moluccensis https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/120520-Cyrtophora-moluccensis
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Dome Web Spider

Example: Photo by givernykate / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

kamkariamkari

Nephila pilipes https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/68390-Nephila-pilipes
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Giant Golden Orbweaver

Example: Photo by givernykate / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

kapnumnum

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n. mushroom

kapɨrápɨra ~ kaprapra

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n. coconut leaf basket

karari

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kind of shellfish

karharhi

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n. 1. small taro roots, 2. garden (metaphorically)

karuarewa

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kind of breadfruit, produces small round fruits with small projections (described as small needles) on the outside of the fruit. The tree is very tall

karuarua

Ceremonial: During a large kastom ceremony ("Nakwyari"), a branch of this plant is used to sweep the nakamal before the toka dance.
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n. sparsely branched tree, 7 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3044)

Example: Ceremonial: During a large kastom ceremony ("Nakwyari"), a branch of this plant is used to sweep the nakamal before the toka dance.

kasusu

Young specimen of brown fungus. Photo by K. David Harrison, Oct. 2016
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a type of brown fungus that grows on trees

Example: Young specimen of brown fungus. Photo by K. David Harrison, Oct. 2016

kaviahapurɨgpurɨg

kaviahapurɨgpurɨg
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a kind of honeyeater, Wattled Honeyeater

kerieri

kerieri
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fan

konquaequae

Young plants for roof rafters, larger plants used for house posts. Women who get pregnant with someone else besides husband use this to abort. Boil a double handful of scraped stem in water and drink 1 cup four times daily to abort. Fruits are edible. Cut it open and eat what’s inside.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5036)

Example: Young plants for roof rafters, larger plants used for house posts. Women who get pregnant with someone else besides husband use this to abort. Boil a double handful of scraped stem in water and drink 1 cup four times daily to abort. Fruits are edible. Cut it open and eat what’s inside.

konwarkar pitov

konwarkar pitov
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n. canarium nut fruit (variant 2)

koutkout

Petroica multicolor septentrionalis
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Pacific Robin

Example: Photo by Paul Balfe / Wikimedia Commons, License: CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons

kuanasenash

For the kastom ceremonies, this can provide the face paint color yellow. Cut open the ripe fruit and paint directly with this. Prior to artificial colors, people used this for yellow and Bixa orellana for red to paint faces and skin.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5166)

Example: For the kastom ceremonies, this can provide the face paint color yellow. Cut open the ripe fruit and paint directly with this. Prior to artificial colors, people used this for yellow and Bixa orellana for red to paint faces and skin.

kwanare reia

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egg of chicken

kwanaruru

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n. kind of tree; its loss of leaves signifies the beginning of the cool season

kwankwanei

Sawn timber. Open ripe seed with stone or hammer, eat nut inside.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5085)

Example: Sawn timber. Open ripe seed with stone or hammer, eat nut inside.

kwankwanéi

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n. almond tree (Terminalia catappa)

kwanpapa

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n. fruit of the niemis tree

kwarumrum

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n. kind of small plant with fragrant leaves

kwarwasei

When parents go away to a feast or garden, children take a pile of soil 12 in. diameter, put this flower on top, surround wth some ashes and then hide in the house to wait to see if the dwarf spirit appears (Karwase Haruase). Sometimes the spirit will come and then scare the children. Ancestors used these spirits and games to teach children to stay together and not wander alone. As the dwarf spirit will take you.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5120)

Example: When parents go away to a feast or garden, children take a pile of soil 12 in. diameter, put this flower on top, surround wth some ashes and then hide in the house to wait to see if the dwarf spirit appears (Karwase Haruase). Sometimes the spirit will come and then scare the children. Ancestors used these spirits and games to teach children to stay together and not wander alone. As the dwarf spirit will take you.

kweiei

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rudder fish

kweiei

Ctenochaetus striatus
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Striated Surgeonfish, Lined Bristletooth, small silver scaled fish

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

makwa-ruweiwe

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n moonset

marimari

To treat indigestion, take 5 roots from 5 different plants, clean, grate into 600mL bottle of water. Drink one bottle twice daily. In Tanna, people use this plant to make rain, thunder, or to stop the rain. To make rain, take a big pile of this plant’s leaves, tie them in a bundle with a rope, and put into the sea. When the leaves start rotting, usually after one week, the rain will come.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5078)

Example: To treat indigestion, take 5 roots from 5 different plants, clean, grate into 600mL bottle of water. Drink one bottle twice daily. In Tanna, people use this plant to make rain, thunder, or to stop the rain. To make rain, take a big pile of this plant’s leaves, tie them in a bundle with a rope, and put into the sea. When the leaves start rotting, usually after one week, the rain will come.

mimi sei nikajirew

Tectocoris diophthalmus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/201948-Tectocoris-diophthalmus
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Hibiscus Harlequin Bug

Example: Photo by flecksy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

minhin

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rabbit fish

minin akwes

Acanthurus nigrofuscus http://fishbase.org/summary/Acanthurus-nigrofuscus.html
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Brown surgeonfish

Example: Photo by David Burdick / via guamreefli License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

minin tonga

Photo by John E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0
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Bluelined surgeonfish

Example: Photo by John E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0

minin tonga

Siganus lineatus http://fishbase.org/summary/Siganus-lineatus.html
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Golden-lined spinefoot, lined rabbitfish

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

nakannakan

People use this to treat boils on the skin. Squeeze the "juice" of the leaf on the boil, and it will soften it so that the liquid inside the boil comes out. If you chew an amount of leaves first, then they will cover and stick to the boil so it will heal faster.
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[nakanakan] n. terrestrial herb, 0.5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3069)

Example: People use this to treat boils on the skin. Squeeze the "juice" of the leaf on the boil, and it will soften it so that the liquid inside the boil comes out. If you chew an amount of leaves first, then they will cover and stick to the boil so it will heal faster.

nakous sei karkarepa

nakous sei karkarepa
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plant material used to bind cyclone house posts

nakukua

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n. book

namatamai

Lethrinus laticaudis http://fishbase.org/summary/Lethrinus-laticaudis.html
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Grass emperor

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

namatamai

Lethrinus olivaceus http://fishbase.org/summary/Lethrinus-olivaceus.html
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Longface emperor

Example: Photo by Jeffrey T. Williams / Smithsonian Institution, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

namatamai

Lethrinus genivittatus http://fishbase.org/summary/Lethrinus-genivittatus.html
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Longspine emperor

Example: Photo by Museum of New Zealand / Te Papa Tongarewa, License: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

namatamai

Lethrinus obsoletus http://fishbase.org/summary/Lethrinus-obsoletus.html
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Orange-striped emperor

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

namnamhu

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n. kind of fern, edible, often fried or boiled with milk

Napanapanian

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n drought, lack of rain

napkapki

Photo by Martial Wahe
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n. tree with green sweet-smelling flowers

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

napkapy

Leaves are used as pig feed to make them grow faster.  fed to pigs to make them grow faster. Various butterflied can also get stuck on this plant, so bird’s can also get stuck when trying to eat these insects and can then be hunted or collected.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5027)

Example: Leaves are used as pig feed to make them grow faster. fed to pigs to make them grow faster. Various butterflied can also get stuck on this plant, so bird’s can also get stuck when trying to eat these insects and can then be hunted or collected.

narmama

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people’s

narparerep

Ecological: This plant, which grows near streams, is known to hold water during the dry season. If the plant is harvested, then it is known that the stream will not continue to run. Thus, precaution is taken to keep this plant in good health.
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n. terrestrial herb, 0.5 to 1 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3028)

Example: Ecological: This plant, which grows near streams, is known to hold water during the dry season. If the plant is harvested, then it is known that the stream will not continue to run. Thus, precaution is taken to keep this plant in good health.

naruvaruv

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evening

nauaua

1. Flying foxes are attracted to the flowers. 2. The bole is used to make end posts of western style houses known as nimah itoga. 3. Wood is used to make axe handles.
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n. large, well branched tree (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #4226)

Example: 1. Flying foxes are attracted to the flowers. 2. The bole is used to make end posts of western style houses known as nimah itoga. 3. Wood is used to make axe handles.

nawawa

Agricultural: When in flower, taro (Nerei) is said to be ready for harvest.
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[nəwowa] n. well branched tree, 10 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2983)

Example: Agricultural: When in flower, taro (Nerei) is said to be ready for harvest.

nawawa

Agricultural: When in flower, taro (Nerei) is said to be ready for harvest.
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n. well branched tree, 10 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2983)

Example: Agricultural: When in flower, taro (Nerei) is said to be ready for harvest.

nefararota

The leaves are woven to make mats, hats, baskets, fans. When pollen is released from the flower it is said that fish in the sea are healthy. The roots are used for tying things, pound pieces of root and strip them off and weave into rope. A person can cut a root in a way that makes a brush to paint grass skirts and other objects. This rope can also be used to tie various leaves that are used to cover lap-lap. The leaves can be harvested, the fiber removed and woven into rope.
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[nafare rota] n. tree, 5 m tall with 3 branches (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3097)

Example: The leaves are woven to make mats, hats, baskets, fans. When pollen is released from the flower it is said that fish in the sea are healthy. The roots are used for tying things, pound pieces of root and strip them off and weave into rope. A person can cut a root in a way that makes a brush to paint grass skirts and other objects. This rope can also be used to tie various leaves that are used to cover lap-lap. The leaves can be harvested, the fiber removed and woven into rope.

nekava kava

Hunting: Flying foxes are attracted to this plant for their red fruits. As a result, hunters gather around this plant when they desire to hunt the flying fox.
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[maka:rwa] n. liana growing on trunk of hedycarya dorstenioides, in dense forest along ridge. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3004)

Example: Hunting: Flying foxes are attracted to this plant for their red fruits. As a result, hunters gather around this plant when they desire to hunt the flying fox.

nekes kes

When a person sees this in flower, they know that the taro is ready for harvest. Birds like the fruit and so boys like to hunt the birds near the plant.
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[nakɨskɨs] n. parasite on fallen ficus branch, growing in dense forest. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3136)

Example: When a person sees this in flower, they know that the taro is ready for harvest. Birds like the fruit and so boys like to hunt the birds near the plant.

nororipen

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n. kind of vine

noufoua

Photo by Martial Wahe
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n. tree, 8 m tall

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

nuksuka

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n. kind of yam, sweet, edible, white color

nukuk

Davallia sessilifolia
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n. epiphyte. (collection: Tom A. Ranker #2620)

nukuk-arman

Unspecified secret medicine
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[nukuk arman] n. epiphyte on trunk of ficus tree, growing in dense forest. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3128)

Example: Unspecified secret medicine

nunu

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breast

nuviavia

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n. decorative plant (Crinum sp.), Bislama: white lily. A kind of wild taro, eaten.

(Bislama) nuviavia

nɨkiskis

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n. mistletoe

nɨmagouagou

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air

nɨmnɨmu

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coconut parasite

nɨmwaktakéiv

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name of a traditional road linking villages in South-East Tanna

Nɨpari kwarwaterei

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n boulder

nɨsese

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sweat

pawpawuk

Cepora perimale https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/368130-Cepora-perimale
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Caper Gull

Example: Photo by givernykate / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

pawpawuk

Belenois java peristhene https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/486299-Belenois-java-peristhene
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Caper White

Example: Photo by givernykate / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

pawpawuk

Luthrodes cleotas https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/472288-Luthrodes-cleotas
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t.o Gossamer-winged Butterfly

Example: Photo by birdexplorers / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

pawpawuk

Thyas coronata https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/121948-Thyas-coronata
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t.o. Owlet Moth

Example: Photo by leonperrie / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Pawpawuk apusan

Psamatodes abydata https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/228899-Psamatodes-abydata
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Dot-lined Angle

Example: Photo by birdexplorers / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

pawpawuk pusan

Zizina labradus https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/323094-Zizina-labradus
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Common Grass Blue

Example: Photo by flecksy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

poukouri

To chase away pigs that invade a person’s garden, wrap leaves of this species around a stick, hit the pig with it and the pig will not return to the garden to eat the crops.
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n. vine growing up a ficus tree, growing in open forest heavily impacted by cyclone. flowers yellow; fruits brown and fibrous. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3231)

Example: To chase away pigs that invade a person’s garden, wrap leaves of this species around a stick, hit the pig with it and the pig will not return to the garden to eat the crops.

pɨpɨg

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n. kind of Tahitian chestnut

ramasan ia naruvaruv

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good afternoon

rararouk

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n high tide

sirosiro

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n whirlpool

Tamtam

Tamtam
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bamboo slit gong used to signal approach by woman to nakamal

taopir-taopir

Children shoot the small hard seeds through a bamboo tube at lizards and butterflies, as a sort of game.
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n. herb, 2 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3250)

Example: Children shoot the small hard seeds through a bamboo tube at lizards and butterflies, as a sort of game.

taupar taupar

Leaves used to cover laplap and wrap and boil in pot. Kids use papaya petiole to shoot seeds -- game of hide and seen called chung.
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5098)

Example: Leaves used to cover laplap and wrap and boil in pot. Kids use papaya petiole to shoot seeds -- game of hide and seen called chung.

tautau

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n. small flying fox

teki karari

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snail shell pointed

teprakaka

1. When in flower, a local pidgeon, known as Tikurkak, prepares to lay its eggs. When the fruit dehisces its eggs are considered to have hatched.
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n. branched tree, 5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #4215)

Example: 1. When in flower, a local pidgeon, known as Tikurkak, prepares to lay its eggs. When the fruit dehisces its eggs are considered to have hatched.

toutou

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bat, flying mammal

toutou

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small bat

trakwakwi

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tomorrow

tui-tui

The leaves of this plant are used to cover the hot stone ovens when cooking lap-lap. The ripe fruit is used to burn as a lap. Take the seeds, impale on the fiber in the middle of a coconut leaf pinnae and light, holding the slender stick and lighting a person’s way.
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[twitwi] n. shrub, 2-3 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3085)

Example: The leaves of this plant are used to cover the hot stone ovens when cooking lap-lap. The ripe fruit is used to burn as a lap. Take the seeds, impale on the fiber in the middle of a coconut leaf pinnae and light, holding the slender stick and lighting a person’s way.

twe twe

Take a coconut leaf, take out the midribs so it becomes a sharp spine, impale the seeds on this, and light them for use as a torch. Leaf used to cover earth oven, and can be put between the stones and the wrapped cooking leaves in order to keep the food clean. Children play with the seeds as marbles
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n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5090)

Example: Take a coconut leaf, take out the midribs so it becomes a sharp spine, impale the seeds on this, and light them for use as a torch. Leaf used to cover earth oven, and can be put between the stones and the wrapped cooking leaves in order to keep the food clean. Children play with the seeds as marbles

utu amramera

Aprion virescens http://fishbase.org/summary/Aprion-virescens.html
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Green jobfish

(Bislama) Salmon Fis

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

yakaryakar

Siganus spinus http://fishbase.org/summary/Siganus-spinus.html
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Little spinefoot, scribbled rabbitfish

Example: Photo by Kathleen Kresner-Reyes / Fishbase, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia