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’Adą́ą́dą́ą́’ shá bíighah ’atah ’adishdiłgo ’i’íí’ą́.
yesterday 1-for 3-passing down 1-play.stick.dice.RI-GO evening’Ahbínídą́ą́’ ch’ééh niba’ hasht’e’ ’ádííníszin.
morning-Past in.vain 2-wait ready REFL-1-keep.CI’Ahbínídą́ą́’ t’áadoo ’ííyą́ą́’góó biniinaa wónáásdóó sitsiits’iin diniih.
morning-past neg 1-eat.P-GO.NEG because soon 1-head 3-ache.CI
listen
I didn’t eat this morning, so my head is aching.
bookmark- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ashą́ eatfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- díníshniih ache, be in painfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ahbínídą́ą́’ this morningfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -niinaa because of, on account of
’Aoo’, ’ashdladigóó ’oolkiłgo ’áádę́ę́’ shił ná’ílwod.
yes five-at-toward clock-GO there-from 1-with 3-return.P
listen
Yes, I drove back from there at 5 o’clock.
bookmark- -di at
- location
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a date
- goal
- -dę́ę́’ from a general location or point in space or time, also out of, off of
- location
- -ił with
- transportation
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- na‘oolwoł returnfind in Navajo Verb Modes
’Ashkii nishłínę́ędą́ą́’ łah yoostsah bik’íníyá.
boy 1-be.NI-past once ring 3-1-find.P’Ashkii yázhí bee’eldǫǫh yik’ee ’ádadeeznih.
boy little gun 3-on.account.of REFL-3-hurt.P’Éí lą́ą baa nitséskees nít’ę́ę́’.
that EMP 3-about 1-think.I past-áátis
-tsé
Chaha’oh biyaagi ni’dííłbąs.
shade.house 3-under-at 2-drive.FChidí sits’ą́ą́’ hashtł’ish yiih yilwodgo t’áá ch’į́į́góó ch’ééh ’ííł’įįd.
car 1-away mud 3-into 3-go.P-GO just fail in.vain 3-1-act.P
listen
I did everything possible to get my car out of the mud.
bookmark- -ts’ą́ą́’ away from, separating from, derived from
- location
- -iih into
- location
- -go verb and subordinating encliticfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- ch’į́į́góó, ch’ínígóó everything possible without resultfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- ch’ééh in vain, futilely, tryfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
Chidíísh bee hólǫ́ doodaii’ ni daats’í chidí nee hólǫ́?
car-Q 3-with 4-exist.NI or 2 maybe car 2-with 4-exist.NIDa’ Cubadę́ę́’ tsinaa’eeł nił ní’éél?
Q Cuba-from boat 2-with 3-float.PDiné nishłį́į ndi Bilaagana bizaad t’éí bee yáshti’.
Navajo 1-be.NI but English language only 3-with 1-speak.IDíí yihahígíí biyi’, háísh tówónaanígóó ch’aa deeyá?
this year.IGII within who overseas.GOO travel 3-going.F-QDlǫ́ǫ́’ ’a’ą́ą́dę́ę́’ hanoolne’ dóó naneesne’.
prairie.dog hole-from stick.head.up.out.P and 3-look.around.PDoo hanii ni ’ałdó’ nilį́į́’ bik’i dah ’íníił da.
NEG contrary 2 also 2-horse 3-on up saddle 3-2-put.PlO.I NEGGah bikéé’ yishwoł.
rabbit 3-following 1-run.ProgGohwééh haa néeląą’ nee hólǫ́?
coffee how 3-much.N 2-with 4-exist.NIHa’a’aahjíísh ’éí doodago ’e’e’aahjíísh nighan?
east-from-Q 2-home TOP or west-from-Q 2-homeHa’át’éegoshą’ t’áadoo ’azee’ál’į́į́góó nisíníyáa da?
why-Q NEG hospital-to 2-go.sg.P NEGHastiin łį́į́’ yik’i dah neezdá.
man horse 3-on up 3-sit.PHáágóó lá díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FHáágóó shą’ díníyá?
where-to.Q 2-go.FHooghan bikáá’ dah si’ánígíí bíyah da’nii’áago ’ádíílį́į́ł ’áko hooghan doo ’ałhiih nídoołdas da.
hogan 3-on up 3-sit.SPN-ÍGÍÍ 3-under pl-3-extend.NP-GO 3-2-make.F so hogan NEG RECIP-3-collapse.F NEG
listen
Use strong pillars to build the hogan so that the roof will not cave in.
bookmark- -káá’ on, on top of
- dah up at an elevation, off, static, holdingfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Si-Perfective Neuter (SPN)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- -yah under, beneath
- Neuter Perfective (NP)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- -go verb and subordinating encliticfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’áko so, so that, so thenfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrasesfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
Hoozdodę́ę́’ Łééchąąłgaii bee nááshdááłgo Kinłánídi da’jiyání góne’ sédáago shiyaa haalwod lá.
Phoenix-from greyhound.bus 3-with 1-return.Prog-GO Flagstaff-at cafe into 1-sit.SPN-GO 1-under 3-run.P DISC
listen
Coming back from Phoenix by Greyhound bus I got left behind in the restaurant in Flagstaff.
bookmark- -dę́ę́’ from a general location or point in space or time, also out of, off of
- location
- -ee by means of
- instrumental
- -di at
- location
- -go verb and subordinating encliticfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Si-Perfective Neuter (SPN)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- sédá sitfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -yaa under, beneath, down
- location
Jáan Mary bił baghan.
John Mary 3-with 3-liveK’adę́ę ’ałné’e’áahgo díchin bik’ee shitah ’anahodí’niitłi’.
now noon hunger 3-account 1-among 1-shake.RMósí yázhí bimá yits’ą́ą́’ yóó’ííyá.
kitten 2-mother 3-from away-3-go.PNa’nízhoozhídę́ę́’ shíká bił ’oolwoł.
Gallup-from 1-for 3-with 3-drive.INa’nízhoozhídę́ę́’ shíká bił ’oolwoł.
Gallup 1-for 3-with 3-drive.INa’nízhoozhígóó chídí doo nił dah didoolwoł da.
Gallup-to car NEG 2-with up start-3.drive.F NEG
listen
You will not go to Gallup with the car. (YM 1987: 319)
bookmark- Command, negativefind in Navajo Imperatives
- Futurefind in Navajo Imperatives
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a date
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrasesfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -ił with
- dah up at an elevation, off, static, holdingfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’oolwoł drivefind in Navajo Verb Modes
Náhookǫsdę́ę́’ níłch’igo ’ayóo deesk’aaz.
north.from breeze-GO very cold.SPNNichidí lá háadi nííníłbą́ą́z?
2-car-Q where-at 3-2-park.PNTUdi yee’ da’íídóółtah yéeni’ háajį́’goshį́į́ da daįįnóołta’.
NTU-at really pl-2dpl-attend.school.R contrary.to.assumption somewhere such.as pl-2dpl-study.PSha’áłchíní béeso ’ashladiin baa nínil ńt’éé’ t’ááła’ajį́ ’ałtso yibadooskai.
1-children money 50 3-for 2-put.PlO.P past at-once all 3-3-exhaust.PSha’áłchíní Toohgóó bił ’eesbąs.
1-children Shiprock-to 3-with 1-drive.ProgShicheii béeso bideená naalnish.
1-grandfather money 3-exchange.for 3-work.IShimá dóó shizhé’é Yootóodi ’ółta’ ńt’éé’.
1-mother and 1-father Santa.Fe-at 3-go.to.school.NI pastShimá ła'í ndi béeso t'áado shaa yiní'ą́ą da.
1-mother not.even.one money just.NEG to.me 3-3-give.P NEG.Shiyáázh ’ółta’góó deeyáhą́ą doo yénániih da.
1-son school-to 3-go.P-past one but NEG 3-3-remember.CI NEGShizhé’é ’azee’ál’į́į́ góne’ bił yah ’i’ííbą́ą́z.
1-father hospital into 3-with in 3-push.wheel.PShínaaí shíká ’adoolwoł nisin ńt’éé’ ’áłt’ąą t’áadoo níyáa da.
1-older.brother 1-for 3-run.F 1-want.NI but after.all NEG 3-come.sg.P NEG
listen
I wanted my older brother to help me but unfortunately he didn’t come.
bookmark- -ká after, for
- benefactive
- Future (F)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- yishwoł run alongfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Neuter Imperfective (NI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nisin think, wantfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńt’éé’ relates to past timefind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- ’áłt’ąą after allfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- t’áadoo notfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrasesfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nishááh come, arrivefind in Navajo Verb Modes