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’Adą́ą́dą́ą́’ísh tł’óo’di nanilnishgo nee ’ałní’ní’ą́?
yesterday-Q outside-at 2-work.CI-GO 2-with noon’Ashkii yázhí bee’eldǫǫh yik’ee ’ádadeeznih.
boy little gun 3-on.account.of REFL-3-hurt.P’Atiin bikáá’ nił ha’alyeed.
road 3-on 2-with 3-out.run.F’Ałk’idą́ą́’ Diné bikéyah bikáa’gi łį́į́’ bichąą bíighahgo tł’oh deíl’áá ńt’éé’ jiní.
long.ago Navajo.land 3-upon-at horse 3-belly sufficient-GO Pl-3-extend.out.of.sight.SNP hearsay’Ałní’ní’ą́ą́dą́ą́’ t’ah doo da’adánígóó dishááhgóó ch’iyáán ’ásdįįd.
noon-past still NEG cafeteria-to 1-go.I-NEG food 3-dwindle.NI
listen
The cafeteria ran out of food at noon before I could go there.
bookmark- ałní’ní’ą́ noonfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -dą́ą́’ past time
- t’ah doo góó beforefind in Navajo Particle Lexicon
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a date
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- dishááh start to gofind in Navajo Verb Modes
- Neuter Imperfective (NI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ádįįh dwindle, become extinctfind in Navajo Verb Modes
’Ámá chaha’oh yiyaagi sidáago dádíníigaazh ’íílééh.
INDEF.mother brush.arber 3-under-at 3-sitting.SPN-GO frybread 3-3-make.I’Eii mósí tsásk’eh bik’i dah síłteeh.
that cat bed 3-on up 3-2-AO.CI’Ííyą́ą́’ dóó bik’ijį’ tsinyaagi nétį́į́ dóó ’iiłhaazh.
1-eat.P and 3-after tree-under-at.spec 1-lie.down.P and 1-sleep.PBéégashii ndahaniihdi dóola ’ayóí ’ánoolnin léi’ t’óó bidánééł’į́į́’.
cattle-NOM pl-3-sell.CI-at bull remarkable 3-resemble.N INDEF just 3-1-look.at.PBéésh bee hane’é bił nááshbał.
phone 3-with 1-whirl.ProgCh’ééh jiyáán hastiin baa nahashniihgo ch’ééh ’ííł’įįd ’ahbínídą́ą́’.
watermelon man 3-from 3-1-buy.CI-GO tried in.vain 1-act.P morning-past
listen
I tried in vain to buy a watermelon from a man this morning.
bookmark- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- nahashniih buy, sellfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ch’ééh in vain, futilely, tryfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’asht’í actfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ahbínídą́ą́’ this morningfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -aa to
Ch’ééh jiyáání hooghangóó dah dii’ą́ągo shee nahóółtą́.
watermelon home-toward up 3-1-move.SRO.P 1-with area-rain.PCh’iyáán ’ádaasdįįdgo kingóó ła’ hááshááł.
food pl-3-run.out.P-GO store-to some area-1-go.get.Prog
listen
The shelves are empty, and I am going to the grocery store.
bookmark- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’ádįįh dwindle, become extinctfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -go verb and subordinating encliticfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -góó to, toward, along, on, with a numeral it indicates a date
- Progressive (Prog)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- hááshááł go along after itfind in Navajo Verb Modes
Ch’į́į́góó baa ntséskees.
fail 3-about 1-think.IDamóo yę́ędą́ą́’ Yootóógóó niséyá.
Sunday past Santa.Fe-to 1-go.PDíigi ’át’éegoósh ’ájiił’įįh?
this-at 3-be-GO-Q SUP-4-do.PDíí chizh shá ’ałk’íniishóósh.
this firewood 1-for 3-2-split.IDíí tsin ’ał’oh neel’ą́.
this stick RECIP-less.than 3-reach.NPDlǫ́ǫ́’ ba’áán góne’ yah ’adeeshnii’go dlǫ́’áyázhí shishhash.
prairie.dog 3-hole into down1-3.to.reach.out.hand prairie.dog-little 1-bite.PDoo ’áádę́ę́’ naagháa da nít’éé’ ’áłt’ąą nida’iilyéego ’índa níyá.
NEG there.from 3-go.about.I NEG past after.all pass.pay.I-go only.then 3-arrive.P
listen
He never used to come, suddenly he’s here since it’s payday.
bookmark- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrasesfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- -dę́ę́’ from a general location or point in space or time, also out of, off of
- ńt’éé’ relates to past timefind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- ’áłt’ąą after all, in spite of unfortunatelyfind in Navajo Particle Lexicon
- ’índa and only thenfind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
Doo hanii ni ’ałdó’ nilį́į́’ bik’i dah ’íníił da.
NEG contrary 2 also 2-horse 3-on up saddle 3-2-put.PlO.I NEGDził bit’ááhgi bįįh halzheeh.
mountain 3-close.to-at deer 3-3-hunting.CIDziłghą́ą́’í bizaad doo shił bééhózin da.
White.Mountain.Apache-NOM 3-language NEG 1-with 3-ho-know.CI NEGHa’át’éegishą’ nich’ah nííní’ą́?
where-at-Q 2-hat 3-2-set.down.SRO.PHaidą́ą́’ shich’ą́ą́h ’ííchííl na’nishkaadgo.
winter-past 1-protect 3-snow.P 3-1-herd.CI-GOHáí shą’ bił nanilnish?
who Q 3-with 2-work.IHooghan binááshwoł ńt’éé shimá sání shich’ahóóshkeed.
hogan 3-encircling-1-run.Prog past 1-grandmother 1-3-scold.PHooghan bine’jígo łį́į́’ sizį́ dóó t’íís yiyaagi dahaastł’ǫ́.
home behind-at-GO horse 3-stand.SPN AND cottonwood 3-under-at up-3-3-tie.PJooł nits’ą́ą́’ nídiish’aah.
ball 2-away.from up-begin-1-lift.IK’aa’ísh ’aní’á biyaa doodago daats’í báhátis ’ayiist’oh ?
arrow-Q bridge 3-under or perhaps 3-over 3-3-shot.P
listen
Did s/he perhaps shoot arrows under or over the bridge?
bookmark- -ísh enclitic for yes/no questionsfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- doodago particle orfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- daats’í particle for perhapsfind in Navajo Questions Lexicon
- -yaa under, beneath, down
- location
- -tis over
- location
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’adisht’oh be an archer, shoot arrowsfind in Navajo Verb Modes
Na’ná’á biyaa góne’ dóó báhátis ’adiłt’oh.
bridge 3-under below and 3-across 3-3-shoot.PNa’nishkaadgo nídíshchííyaagi hanáshyį́į́h ńt’éé’ ’iiłhaazh lá, t’ah nít’éé’ shilééchąą’í ch’ééshinísid.
1-herd.I-GO pinetree-under-at 1-rest.I past 1-slept.P DISC all.of.sudden 1-dog 1-woke.up.P
listen
When I was out herding I was resting under a pinetree and I went to sleep but suddenly to my surprise my dog woke me up.
bookmark- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- na’nishkaad herd, go out herdingfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -yaa under, beneath, down
- location
- -gi at
- Imperfective (I) (∅, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- hanááshyį́į́’ restfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńt’éé’ relates to past timefind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ’iishháásh sleepfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- t’ah ńt’éé’ all of a suddenfind in Navajo Adverb Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- ch’ééníssííd awaken him/herfind in Navajo Verb Modes




