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xa[x:a]

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how

(Spanish) como

Xa caniiny?[x:a cannìi’-ihny]

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What’s happening? (rev. idiom)

Xa caniny ladi?[x:a cannìi’ny làadih ?]

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How are things over there?

xa mod[x:a mo’od]

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how, in what way

(Spanish) de qué modo, cómo

xa mod na ___[x:a mo’od nàa ___]

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what is ___ like?

Xa modi?[x:a mo’odih]

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How is that?

Xa nu belu?[x:a nu’uh bèe’llùu’ ?]

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How is your sister? (used when talking to a female)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermana? (cuando estás hablando con una mujer)

Xa nu belu?[x:a nu’uh bèe’llùu’ ?]

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How is your sister? (used when talking to a female)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermana? (cuando estás hablando con una mujer)

Xa nu betsu?[x:a nu’uh be’tsùu’ ?]

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How is your brother? (used when talking to a male)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermano? (cunso esteas hablando con un hombre)

Xa nu betsu?[x:a nu’uh be’tsùu’ ?]

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How is your brother? (used when talking to a male)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermano? (cunso esteas hablando con un hombre)

Xa nu bzyanu?[x:a nu’uh bzyaàa’nùu’ ?]

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How is your sister? (used when talking to a male)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermana? (cuando estas hablando con un hombre)

Xa nu bzyanu?[x:a nu’uh bzyaàa’nùu’ ?]

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How is your brother? (used when talking to a female)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermano? (cunso esteas hablando con una mujer)

Xa nu bzyanu?[x:a nu’uh bzyaàa’nùu’ ?]

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How is your sister? (used when talking to a male)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermana? (cuando estas hablando con un hombre)

Xa nu bzyanu?[x:a nu’uh bzyaàa’nùu’ ?]

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How is your brother? (used when talking to a female)

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hermano? (cunso esteas hablando con una mujer)

Xa nu xnanu?[x:a nu’uh x:nna’anùu’ ?]

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How is your mother?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu mamá?

Xa nu xnanu?[x:a nu’uh x:nna’anùu’ ?]

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How is your mother?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu mamá?

Xa nu xtadu?[x:a nu’uh x:ta’adùu’ ?]

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How is your father?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu papá?

Xa nu xtadu?[x:a nu’uh x:ta’adùu’ ?]

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How is your father?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu papá?

Xa nu zhinyu?[x:a nu’uh zhìi’inyùu’ ?]

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How is your child?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hijo?

Xa nu zhinyu?[x:a nu’uh zhìi’inyùu’ ?]

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How is your child?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está tu hijo?

Xa nuu?[x:a nu’-ùu’ ?]

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How are you (informal)?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo estas?

Xa nuu?[x:a nu’-ùu’ ?]

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How are you (informal)?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo estas?

Xa nuyu?[x:a nu’yuu’ ?]

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How are you (formal)?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está usted?

Xa nuyu?[x:a nu’yuu’ ?]

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How are you (formal)?

(Spanish) ¿Cómo está usted?

Xa rni buny "___" cuan Dizhsa?[x:a rnnììi’ bùunny "___" cuahnn Dìi’zhsah?]

How do you say ’___’ in Zapotec?

Xa rni buny "___" cuan Ingles?[x:a rnnììi’ bùunny "___" cuahnn Inglehs?]

How do you say ’___’ in English?

Xa rni buny "becw" cuan Ingles?[x:a rnnììi’ bùunny "bèe’cw" cuahnn Inglehs?]

How do you say ’becw’ in English?

Xa rni buny "dog" cuan Dizhsa?[x:a rnnììi’ bùunny "dog" cuahnn Dìi’zhsah?]

How do you say ’dog’ in Zapotec?

xa rni buny ra dizh[x:a rnììi’ bùunny ra dìi’zh]

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pronunciation guide (how people say the words)

Xa rriloyu?[x:a rrillohyuu’ ?]

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What do you think?

Xa zuiny?[x:a zuu-ihny]

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What’s happening? (rev. idiom)

Xa zuny ladi?[x:a zuuny làadih ?]

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How are things over there?

xab[x:ahb]

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clothes; bark (of a tree)

(Spanish) ropa; corteza (de un árbol)

xag[x:ahg]

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cheek (e-poss. only)

(Spanish) mejilla (e-poss.)

Xandan[Xanndaan]

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1. Saint Anne, Santa Ana; 2. Santa Ana del Valle

(Spanish) Santa Ana Del Valle

xban[x:bààa’n]

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tail

(Spanish) cola

xbia gyixtily[xbiah gyix:tiilly ]

xbia gyixtily
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xbidy

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name of a hill

(Spanish) nombre de un cerro

xcai

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cloud

(Spanish) nube

xcarzi dad gual[xcarzììi’ da’ad guahl]

xcarzi dad gual
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type of plant (a poultice is made from this plant to remove splinters)

(Spanish) tipo de planta (que se usa para emplaso y extraer astilla)

xchi[xchihih]

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a long time, for a long time

(Spanish) por un período de tiempo relativamente largo; por mucho tiempo; durante algún tiempo

xchyap[x:chàa’p]

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girlfriend

(Spanish) novia

xcotorguily xnia

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type of bird

(Spanish) tipo de pajaro

xculambrusy[x:cullambru’uhsy]

xculambrusy

tarantula

(Spanish) tarántula

xdadëng[x:daadëng]

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his dice

(Spanish) su dado

xga[x:gàa]

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wing, fin (e-poss. only)

(Spanish) ala (e-poss.), aleta (de un pez)

xi[xiìi’]

about, approximately

(Spanish) más o menos, aproximadamente

xi[xi]

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what (non-hum.)

(Spanish) qué (no-hum.)

Xi cayunad re?

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What are you (pl.) doing here?

(Spanish) ¿Que están haciendo aquí?

Xi cayunyyu re?[xi cayuhnyyuu’ rèe’ ?]

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What are you doing here?

Xi dibuj xten nde?[xi dibu’j x:tèe’n ndèe’ ?]

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What is this a picture of?

(Spanish) ¿Qué dibujo es este?

Xi dizh rgweu?

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What language do you speak?, What languages do you speak?

(Spanish) ¿Qué lengua hablas?

Xi nde?

What is this?

Xi nde?

What is that?

xi ni[xi ni’ih]

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why

(Spanish) porque

Xi rrilo liu?[xi rriloh lìu]

What do you think?

xi tyem[xi tye’emm]

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there’s no time

Xi yquinyyu na?[xi yquììi’nyyuu’ nah?]

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So what are you going to eat?

Xi zalo becw quën Dizhtily.

What does "becw" mean in Spanish?

xi zicydi[xi zi’ihcydi’]

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1. how much 2. how long 3. how old

(Spanish) 1. cuánto 2. cuánto tiempo, por cuánto tiempo 3. qué tan grande

xiazh[xiahzh:]

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what?! (introduces a disbelieving question)

Xiazh, queity rgweyu Dizhtily e?[xiahzh:, que’ity rgwèèe’yuu’ Dìi’zhtiilly èee?]

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What, you don’t speak Spanish?

xiëru[xiëru’]

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what else

xiëru zalo ra dizh[xiëru’ zalloh ra dìi’zh]]

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notes about the vocabulary

xii[xi’ìi’]

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what it (distal.) is, what is it (distal)

xila[xihlláa’]

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(older word for the name of a day of the week)

(Spanish) (palabra antigua para el nombre de un dia de la semana)

Xjia[X:jìi’ah]

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Teotitlán de Valle

(Spanish) Teotitlán de Valle

xluan[x:lu’ahnn]

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brother-in-law (e-poss. only)

(Spanish) cuñado (de una mujer) (palabra tradicional)

Xlyen[X:lye’enn]

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Ash Wednesday

(Spanish) Miércoles de Ceniza

xlyia[x:lyiàa’]

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fever

(Spanish) fiebre

xlyia[x:lyìa’ah]

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parting gift of food, party favor of food (given when guests leave a wedding, baptism, mayordomia, or other ceremonial festivities)

xlyiayas[x:lyiàa’yàa’as]

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black fever

(Spanish) fiebre negra

xlyiayats[x:lyiàa’yaàa’ts]

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yellow fever

(Spanish) fiebre amarilla

xmam[x:ma’mm]

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grandparent

(Spanish) abuelo, abuela

xman[xmaan]

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week

(Spanish) semana

Xmansan[Xmahnsa’ann]

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Easter, Holy Week

(Spanish) Pascua, semana santa

xmatargats

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millipede

(Spanish) milpiés

xnan[x:nnàaan]

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mother of (someone)

(Spanish) madre de (úsase al referirse con cortesía a la madre de niños)

xnan baly[x:nna’an baaly]

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godmother (e-poss. only)

(Spanish) madrina (e-poss.)

xnan bieda[x:nna’an bieda’]

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my revered madam (respectful term of address used to a woman)

(Spanish) (mi) señora venerada (addr. respetuosa para dirigirse a una mujer)

xnan bieda xnan wzana[x:nna’an bieda’ x:nna’an wzàana’]

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my very revered madam (extremely respectful term of address used to a woman)

(Spanish) (mi) señora muy venerada (addr. sumamente respetuosa para dirigirse a una mujer)

xnanmam[x:nna’anma’mm]

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grandmother (e-poss. only)

(Spanish) abuela (e-poss.)

xnia[xniaa]

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red

(Spanish) rojo

Xnizh[X:niizh]

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San Dionisio Ocotepec

(Spanish) San Dionisio Ocotepec

xon[x:òon]

xon
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eight

(Spanish) ocho

xop[x:òp]

xop
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six

(Spanish) seis

xorni, xyorni[xoorni’, xyoorni’]

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What time is it?

(Spanish) Qué hora es?

xpangual[x:panguual]

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husband, father (casual)

(Spanish) padre, jefe, esposo, viejo

xpart[x:pa’rt]

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1. share, portion (e-poss. only) 2. in place of, on behalf of, instead of

(Spanish) 1. para, por, de la parte de 2. en lugar de, en vez de

xquepy[x:quèe’py]

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bellybutton, navel (possessed form)

(Spanish) ombligo; cordón umbilical (poss.)

xquets[x:quèe’ts]

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kidney, gizzard (e-poss. only)

(Spanish) riñón, molleja (e-poss.)

xquiny[x:quiiny]

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corner

(Spanish) esquina

xquiny gueu guel

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name of a part of gueu guel

(Spanish) nombre de un parte de gueu guel

xquiny gueu gyiad

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name of a part of gueu gyiad

(Spanish) nombre de un parte de gueu gyiad

xquiny gueu gyinyis

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name of a part of gueu gyinyis

(Spanish) nombre de un parte de gueu gyinyis

xquiny gueu yza

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name of a part of gueu yza

(Spanish) nombre de un parte de gueu yza

xquiny lom gyiad

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name of a part of lom gyiad

(Spanish) nombre de un parte de lom gyiad

xtad[x:ta’ad]

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father

(Spanish) padre

xtad bieda[x:ta’ad bieda’]

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my revered sir (respectful term of addressed used to a man)

(Spanish) (mi) señor venerado (addr. respetuosa para dirigirse a un hombre)

xtad bieda xtad wzana[x:ta’ad bieda’ x:ta’ad wzàana’]

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my very revered sir (extremely respectful term of address used to a man)

(Spanish) (mi) señor muy venerado (addr. sumamente respetuosa para dirigise a un hombre)