Introduction to Navajo Adverbs
This lexicon is built on a list from Young & Morgan (1987:12-17). This list is a heterogeneous collection of expressions that certainly belong to more than one syntactic category. For instance, it includes time expressions like ’adą́ą́dą́ą́’ (‘yesterday’) and ’ałní’ní’ą́ (‘at noon’), but it also includes the negative frame doo…da and several expressions that are constructed with it, and it includes various particles that tend to appear before the verb (e.g., hah ’quickly’; dah ‘up’). These appear in various places within a clause. Oddly, ńt’éé (a particle denoting past time which is placed after the verb) is in the list, but dooleeł (a particle denoting future time which appears in the same position) is not in the list.
We constructed this tool using Young & Morgan’s list without making adjustments to it. There may be a future version that includes different selections.
An example search has returned 50 entries
’Abe’ yistiní hazhóó’ógo ni’ ninishtłeeh ńt’éé’ nááłhęęsh.
ice.cream carefully stop 3-1-stop.carry.I past 3-fall.P’ayóí
’Ałk’idą́ą́’ Diné bikéyah bikáa’gi łį́į́’ bichąą bíighahgo tł’oh deíl’áá ńt’éé’ jiní.
long.ago Navajo.land 3-upon-at horse 3-belly sufficient-GO Pl-3-extend.out.of.sight.SNP hearsay’Áłtsé da’ííyą́ą́’ ’áko shį́į́ ’índa hooghandi nákai.
first 3.eat.P until then only home.at 3.pl.return.P’Ólta’góó daats’í deeshááł doodaii’ jooł bee nideeshneeł.
school-toward maybe 1-walk.F or ball 3-with 1-play.F-ghá
-yaaghah
around the corner from, disappearing behind, around the point from, on the other side
bookmark-yah
Ch’į́į́góó baa ntséskees.
fail 3-about 1-think.ICh’į́į́góó ch’ééh tádííyá.
fail in.vain 1-go.PChidí kǫ́ǫ́ ndaajeehígíí t’áá ’ániidígo dahodeezlįįd.
car here 3-run.pl.I-COMP just recently pl-3-become.PChidí naa’na’í ’ayóo bídin nishłį́.
tractor really 3-without 1-be.NIdajiyą́
pl-3DO-4dpl-eat.it.IDibéésh nee hólǫ́?
sheep-Q 2-with 4-exist.NIdididiiljah
3DO-1dpl-start.fire.Fdizhdínóołkał
3DO-4-start.to.herd.them.(animals).Fstart to herd them (animals), 4th person
bookmarkDíigi ’át’éego yigááł.
this-similar.to 3-walk.ProgDíí hastiin tł’ééjí hataałgo bee béého’doolzįįd.
doołbish
3DO-2dpl-boil.it.FDziłdę́ę́’ hoołtį́į́ł ńt’éé’ t’áá nihich’į’jį’ ’ásdįįd.
mountain-from areal-rain.Prg past just 1pl-toward-up.to 3-disappear.PDziłneeláagí nánisé’ ’azee’ háágeed.
mountain-end-at growing.herb medicine up-3-1-dig-1.Phaashgéésh
3DO-1-cut.it.out.Ihadazhdoołtééł
pl-3DO-4dpl-carry.him/her.up.out.of.something.Fcarry him/her up out of something, 4th person plural
bookmarkHaidą́ą́’ ’a’áán góne’ nishishnish ńt’éé’ --- doo shił yá’áhoot’éeh da.
winter-past mine.shaft 1-work.P past neg 1-with 3-good.N negI worked in the mine (shaft) last year and I didn’t like it.
bookmark- -dą́ą́’ past timefind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- -ne’ behindfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- naashnish workfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- -ił withfind in Navajo Postposition Lexicon
- ńt’éé’ relates to past time
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrases
Hastiin dóó ’at’ééd ha’át’íí lá ’áyiilaa?
man and girl what Q 3-3-make.PHáadi lá ’ádeiit’į́?
where-at Q pl-3-beHádą́ą́’sh Mary ’ólta’dę́ę́’ nádzá?
when-past-Q Mary school-from 3-return.PHoozdohgóó daats’í deeshááł ’éí doodaii’ Be’eldííldahsínilgóó deeshááł.
Phoenix-toward maybe 1-walk.F or Albuquerque-toward 1-walk.FK’idadeelyáá nit’éé’ t’óó daazgan, háálá doo nahałtin da.
1pl-plant.P past just 3pl-dry.SPN, because NEG 3-rain.CI NEGWe planted but they just shriveled up, because of the lack of rain.
bookmark- Perfective (P) (yi, ni, si, yi-∅)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- k’idishłé plant itfind in Navajo Verb Modes
- ńt’éé’ relates to past time
- Si-Perfective Neuter (SPN)find in Navajo Verb Modes
- háálá for, becausefind in Navajo Conjunction Lexicon
- doo --- da frame to negativize verbs and phrases
- Continuative Imperfective (CI)find in Navajo Verb Modes
Kin Łánídi daats’í ’éí doodago Bee’eldííldahsinildiísh naniná?
Flagstaff-at perhaps or Albuquerque-at-Q 2-go.around.CIna’ashkǫ́ǫ́’
1-swim.Inaa
Naakaii Bito’gi béégashii bee łá’í ’ídlínígíí bee ’anishtah.
mexican water-at cow 3-with one-unify.P-COMP 3-with 1-among.NINibéézh bee hane’é doo ndi naalnish da.
2-cellphone NEG but 3-work.P NEGnidadoohłeeł
pl-3DO-2dpl-carry.a.ropelike.thing.around.Fcarry a ropelike thing around, 2nd person plural
bookmark