Nafe (Kwamera)

v light, illuminate, shine (as the sun), glitter

Speaker: Martial wahe

v 1. must, have to, be obligated to, ought; 2. ask, request; 3. insist on, continue (in doing), demand, do anyway, proceed against advice, strive, try hard

Speaker: Martial wahe

v 1. come from, start at (as a place); 2. in interrogative constructions: which, where

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v give birth to, bear (a child)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v 1. order, set in order; 2. clean up, police, collect leavings of food (for fear of sorcery)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v dir sense (hear, fell, touch, taste)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v intr dive (as in the sea), skin dive

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v. to strip off leaves, for example coconut leaves from a frond

Speaker: Martial Wahe

v. look down! (imperative)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

dig the soil

Speaker: Martial wahe

v I chew kava

Speaker: Martial Wahe

I drink water

Speaker: Martial Wahe

phrase I planted the island cabbage

Speaker: Martial Wahe

v I dig taro’s bed for planting

(Bislama) mi tikim hol blo taro

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[jare̤mə̤] n. herb, growing along open garden path. Flowers yellow. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3084)

Example: This plant is used to treat diarrhea in a baby 1-6 months old. The mother takes 4, 1" pieces and chews them, spitting it into the baby’s mouth 2x daily, once in the morning and once in the afternoon until the diarrhea stops. Sometimes if the baby is sick from a spirit such as a yam, taro or sea spirit, the mother takes 2, 1" pieces of stem and 2, 1" pieces of Acalypha wilkesiana petiole (Plunkett et.al. #3081) and chews the two species together and spits on the affected baby, telling the spirit to "go away and leave the baby alone.

Scientific name: Bidens pilosa, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

the northern islands

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. a minor kava drinking place, see imwarɨm

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Speaker: Martial Wahe

horns

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of taro

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Moluccan snapper

Example: Photo by John E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0

Scientific name: Lutjanus boutton via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

[karwapwe̤j] n. liana growing into canopy of myristica fatua tree, growing in forest along kwataren kastom road. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3093)

Example: The stems of this plant are heated, the outer bark peeled off and the stems are used as a rope.

Scientific name: Stephania japonica, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. kind of taro

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n my cheek

Speaker: Martial wahe

Pustulose Wart Slug

Example: Photo by tonydiver / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Phyllidiella pustulosa via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

large, black supernatural fowl which crows at the end of the day

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Blacksaddle grouper (deep sea)

Example: Photo by J. E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Epinephelus howlandi via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

[kwanjere] n. tree, 12-13 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3089)

Example: The nut inside of the fruit contains sap. Cut a fruit in half and stick it to a person’s arm, and then take it off, put earth on the place where the sap is, and it makes a temporary tatoo that lasts for 3-4 days. This fruit is the best flying fox food, and when the tree has ripe fruits many flying foxes go there to feed, and hunters know this. The fruits are eaten by people as well.

Scientific name: Burckella obovata, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5099)

Example: Fruits edible and sold in market to earn money.

Scientific name: Dracontomelon vitiense, Speaker: Johnson Noar

Yellow-Edged Lyretail

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Variola louti via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Harlequin Sweetlips, Many-Spotted Sweetlips, Spotted Sweetlips (female)

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Painted sweetlips (male)

Example: Photo by Dr. Dwayne Meadows / NOAA, License: Public Domain via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Diagramma pictum via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Redfin bream

Example: Photo by Jan Messersmith, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Monotaxis heterodon via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of taro, has reddish-white flesh

Example: Good for cooking and making lap-lap

Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. inalienable 1. a type of taro, yellow, 2. a type of tree

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5036)

Example: Young plants for roof rafters, larger plants used for house posts. Women who get pregnant with someone else besides husband use this to abort. Boil a double handful of scraped stem in water and drink 1 cup four times daily to abort. Fruits are edible. Cut it open and eat what’s inside. see more on Youtube

Scientific name: Finschia chloroxantha, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. kind of tree

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n house component (ridge pole)

Example: see more on Youtube

Speaker: Martial Wahe

green stone, magical stone

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. leaf

Speaker: Jean Eskar

brown pigeon

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n spark (of fire)

Speaker: Martial wahe

[manariən nəʔpəŋ] n. shrub, 3 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2971)

Example: Cultural: After a young boy is circumcised, a special kava (“Tapuga”) is prepared. The leaf of this tree is then tied to each branch of the tree to signify the ceremony.

Scientific name: Maoutia diversifolia, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. manioc (var. of manto)

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

kind of cassava. When the soil is good, this variety produces the largest root. A man named Charley got it from Port-Vila and brought it to Port Resolution and it is named for him

Scientific name: Manihot esculenta, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. shrub or small tree; shield aralia, or plum aralia

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Scientific name: Polycias stecullaria, Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of cycad (?)

Example: To make a tabu sign for your land, crops or to block access to the sea, meaning that this area is blocked from fishing and diving, cross two of the leaves in an “X” shape and stick in the soil or sand. People will know to stay away

Scientific name: Microcycas semannii, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5154)

Example: To treat broken bones combine two handfuls of Commelina diffusa and 2 handfuls of this whole Orchid. Then take half of that and rub on broken bone area (e.g. leg). The Kastom doctor will then make a cut with a sharp piece of bamboo along break. The bone is then wrapped with the leaf of this orchid, then take the pother half of the mixture, mash in water 1.5 liter, and give person to drink. This treatment will help join bone back together.

Scientific name: Malaxis, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n fire

Example: see more on Youtube

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5097)

Example: This tree is planted to mark the area of a Nakamal. Young roots used as bowstring..

Scientific name: Ficus prolixa, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. to laugh

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. sugarcane

Speaker: Martial Wahe

type of coconut leaf sheath with thick fibres used to strain kava (see nenha)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. sparsely branched tree, 4 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3005)

Example: Fuel: Dry portions of this plant are used as firewood. Construction: The timber of this plant is used to createany part of a house. It is considered a strong wood. Medicine: This plant is used to treat muscle soreness. It can be prepared in tow ways. One way is to boil and branch of leaves and then bathe (“swim”) with the resulting water. Another way is to heat a branch over a fire and rub on sore area for approximately 1 minute, after showering. Note: This plant is recognized as similar to M. latifolia. However, the medicinal action of this plant is regarded as inferior to the former.

Scientific name: Melicope bonwickii, Speaker: Martial Wahe

[ne̤wri] n. understory tree, 3 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3134)

Scientific name: Melicope, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5038)

Example: Fruits edible when ripe. The stem is used for timber and sawn timber. Flowers attract fruit bats. Hunters, knowing this, hunt the bats at night.

Scientific name: Syzygium malaccense, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5146)

Example: Stem used to make bow. Stem for ax handle.

Scientific name: Allophylus cobbe, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. herb to 2 m tall, growing on the edge of a homestead (collection: Michael J. Balick #4723)

Example: This plant is used to lift a person up--take two leaves together and make a "seat" and put it under a person, they can then be lifted up by the two people with a leaf on each side of that person. Use the leaf of this species to wrap rolled leaves of wild tobaco, to protect it and keep it fresh and moist

Scientific name: Piper methysticum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5046)

Example: Feed pigs with this leaf. Aerial roots are pounded, dried and used as strap for men in the Toka Dance. The roots are woven into a design that signifies the rank, such as a chief.

Scientific name: Epipremnum pinnatum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. tree, 5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3026)

Example: Hunting: The wood of the tree is used, as the body of a spear, to hunt fishes and turtles. To fashion the spear, an appropriate length of wood is cut, debarked, heated (to straighten) and then topped with an iron point. Note: Iaruman is the name of the male form of this plant. Prane is the female form of this plant.

Scientific name: Rapanea amischocarpa, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5030)

Example: Fruits cooked and eaten. Young leaves can be fried or boiled and eaten as a vegetable, like a mix with vegetable and meat and cooked in earth oven. Stem to make canoe, very long lasting wood 5-12 years, very tight wood. Older stems good for house posts.

Scientific name: Artocarpus altilis, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. small sapling, 1.5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3029)

Example: Fuel: Firewood Construction: Used to construct posts for houses. Tools: Wood is used to fashion handles for axes. Hunting: Wood is used to make the limbs of a bow. It is not considered the most suitable wood for this purpose.

Scientific name: Garcinia pseudoguttifera, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Netwar language, spoken on Tanna Island

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5122)

Example: Peel stem and chop pieces of stem and pieces of stem of Pipturus argenteus (MB 5121), add fresh water, squeeze in hair, rub head in one direction, do this for one month then hair will turn blond color (for Toka dance) and will also help dreadlocks.

Scientific name: Nothocnide repanda, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. treelet, 1.5 to 2 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #4243)

Example: 1. Known as the spirit of kava, the inner stem of young leaves can be eaten as bush fodder.

Scientific name: Macropiper latifolium, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5082)

Example: Wood is very hard and good for making canoe. Wood is good to build house (house posts). Takes seeds from dried fruit, break them open, boil in water and collect oil that rises to the top. This oil used as massage oil. Rub oil from dried seeds in hair to kill lice.

Scientific name: Calophyllum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

[nisej] n. shrub, 2.5-3 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3077)

Example: This plant is used as a fiber; dry the leaves in the sun, and use them to make a grass skirt or other type of dress. Person in photo with this fiber on his arm is Narau Nasiv.

Scientific name: Euodia hortensis, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. shrub, 2 m tall

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Scientific name: Cyrtandra obovata, Speaker: Martial Wahe

v. to love

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. shrub or bushy tree; parasol leaf tree

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Scientific name: Macaranga tannarius, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5158)

Example: When a person is stung by a jellyfish, take 5-6 leaves and whip the sore for 5-10 minutes and this will reduce the soreness of the wound.

Scientific name: Ipomoea pes-caprae, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. canarium nut fruit

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. fruit (general)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. very well branched tree, 6-8 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3054)

Example: When this tree grows with straight stems it is used for house posts

Scientific name: Weinmannia denhami, Speaker: Martial Wahe

clay

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my earlobe

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. kind of tree, used in traditional medicine

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. fruit of nukwesi

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. your hair

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n earthquake

(Bislama) hedkwek

Speaker: Martial Wahe

darkness

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Speaker: Martial wahe

Pacific longnose parrotfish

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Hipposcarus longiceps via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Three-stripe fusilier

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Pterocaesio trilineata via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Dark-banded fusilier, bluestreak fusilier

Example: Photo by Ian Shaw / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Pterocaesio tile via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Claret-breasted Fruit Dove

Scientific name: Ptilinopus viridis lewisii, Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of fish

Speaker: Martial Wahe

afternoon

Speaker: Martial Wahe

died laughing

(Bislama) det laf

Speaker: Martial Wahe

salt

Scientific name: Bislama, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of sugarcane

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of yam, produces a tuber with white flesh. It is somewhat smaller in size than most yams, and easy to grow

Example: Is used only for making lap-lap

Scientific name: Dioscorea spp., Speaker: Johnson Noar

Red-rimmed Melania

Example: Photo by leonperrie / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Melanoides tuberculata via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

Asian Tramp Snail

Example: Photo by laceypantalones / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Bradybaena similaris via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

Sawtooth barracuda

Example: Photo by Stephanie W. Batzer, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Sphyraena putnamae via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n slug species, snail species

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n house component: side wall of house made of wild cane and bamboo

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Bulbnose Unicornfish, Humpnose Unicornfish

Example: Photo by Jean-Lou Justine / Wikimedia Commons, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Naso tonganus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5118)

Example: Young stems are used to support the roof of ther house. Use yellow sap for glue. Fruits and flowers eaten by flying fox. Same effect as poison tree, they do not fly correctly, often falling and can be harvested to eat.

Scientific name: Melicope latifolia, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

Bluespine Unicornfish, silver color with horn

Scientific name: Naso unicornis, Speaker: Martial Wahe