Nafe (Kwamera)

v light, illuminate, shine (as the sun), glitter

Speaker: Martial wahe

v scrape out, spoon out

Speaker: Martial wahe

v 1. weigh, scale, measure, measure out; 2. hook down (as a coconut with a bamboo pole)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v 1. cry; 2. pity

Speaker: Martial wahe

v bury, conceal, hide

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v 1. push (as a stalled truck); 2. insert

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v intr dive (as in the sea), skin dive

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v 1. slide, crawl on one’s backside, crab-walk; 2. sit (as a baby who cannot yet walk)

Speaker: Wahe Martial

feed pig

Speaker: Martial wahe

v. look down! (imperative)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Vanuatu

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. herb, growing along open garden path. flowers yellow. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3084)

Example: This plant is used to treat diarrhea in a baby 1-6 months old. The mother takes 4, 1" pieces and chews them, spitting it into the baby’s mouth 2x daily, once in the morning and once in the afternoon until the diarrhea stops. Sometimes if the baby is sick from a spirit such as a yam, taro or sea spirit, the mother takes 2, 1" pieces of stem and 2, 1" pieces of Acalypha wilkesiana petiole (Plunkett et.al. #3081) and chews the two species together and spits on the affected baby, telling the spirit to "go away and leave the baby alone.

Scientific name: Bidens pilosa, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. kind of banana

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

the northern islands

Speaker: Martial Wahe

friend

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n pollen (of flowers)

Speaker: Martial wahe

t.o. Jumping Spider

Example: Photo by flecksy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Athamas whitmeei via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of fern (collection: Michael J. Balick #5073)

Example: To treat scabies, collect 5 whole plants, remove the soil, then boil in a bucket of water for 10-20 min and wash the scabies 2x daily for 2 weeks or until the scabies is dry.

Scientific name: Adiantum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

[kawəwə] n. sparsely branched tree, 7 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3044)

Example: Ceremonial: During a large kastom ceremony ("Nakwyari"), a branch of this plant is used to sweep the nakamal before the toka dance.

Scientific name: Meryta neo-ebudica, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n my eyelid

Speaker: Martial wahe

[kasoso] small devil

Speaker: Martial Wahe

a kind of honeyeater, Wattled Honeyeater

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of yam, produces tubers with red, hard, sweet flesh

Example: Used for kastom ceremonies as it has a large bundle of tubers

Scientific name: Dioscorea spp., Speaker: Johnson Noar

Speaker: Martial wahe

how many? how much?

Speaker: Martial Wahe

flying fox

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Glossy Swiftlet

Scientific name: Collocalia esculenta, Speaker: Martial Wahe

large, black supernatural fowl which crows at the end of the day

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5070)

Example: To get strength back in your body, take a double handful of leaves in 1/2 of 1.5 L bottle, drink all at once. Children take the seeds of this plant and put them together in a ball to play with.

Scientific name: Hanslia ormocarpoides, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. tree, 12-13 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3089)

Example: The nut inside of the fruit contains sap. Cut a fruit in half and stick it to a person’s arm, and then take it off, put earth on the place where the sap is, and it makes a temporary tatoo that lasts for 3-4 days. This fruit is the best flying fox food, and when the tree has ripe fruits many flying foxes go there to feed, and hunters know this. The fruits are eaten by people as well.

Scientific name: Burckella obovata, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

Areolate grouper

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Epinephelus areolatus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

coconut stage, 6th (sixth); has a small sprout

Speaker: Martial Wahe

baby

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. shrub, 2 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #4233)

Example: 1. The inner skin of the stem is used to weave grass skirts and nambas. 2. Pidgeons eat the fruits.

Scientific name: Wikstroemia indica, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5135)

Example: When this plant grows to 2m, peel bark and put it in salt water to rett the stem. To do this, tie the stems in budles and cover the bundle with a stone in the sea. After one week, rett the stem by pulling out the strong fibers and discarding the rest. Dry the fibers, then make a grass skirt from this. The leaves can be crushed and used as a styptic for wounds to stop bleeding.

Scientific name: Urena lobata, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my heel (of foot)

Speaker: Martial wahe

kind of shell

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. face painting mud

Speaker: Jean Eskar

n. fruit of the niemis tree

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. nutmeg

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

roots of pandanus

Speaker: Martial Wahe

unicorn fish

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. central spine of a coconut frond

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

lung fish

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n horsefly

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of sugarcane, small, yellow in color

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n waning crescent (moon phase)

Speaker: Martial wahe

Ghost Ant

Example: Photo by questagame / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Tapinoma melanocephalum via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5078)

Example: To treat indigestion, take 5 roots from 5 different plants, clean, grate into 600mL bottle of water. Drink one bottle twice daily. In Tanna, people use this plant to make rain, thunder, or to stop the rain. To make rain, take a big pile of this plant’s leaves, tie them in a bundle with a rope, and put into the sea. When the leaves start rotting, usually after one week, the rain will come.

Scientific name: Zingiber zerumbet, Speaker: Johnson Noar

Milkfish

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Chanos chanos via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Vermiculated spinefoot, vermiculate rabbitfish

Example: Photo by Rick Winterbottom / FishWise Professional, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Siganus vermiculatus via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

lizard

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n canoe-shaped kava bowl

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n star constellation

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5113)

Example: Planted along the coast and used for protection against storms.

Scientific name: Scaevola taccada, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5156)

Example: This is female type. MJB 5068 is male type. When person has diarrhea with blood (dysentry) take a double handful of leaves and mash them in 2 liter water, boil, drink warm 1 cup 3x day until the condition goes away. Stem used for roofing- attac hes to the rafters so thatching and leaves can be attached.

Scientific name: Polyscias schmidii, Speaker: Johnson Noar

[napeɨn] n. machete marks on tree

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5027)

Example: Leaves are used as pig feed to make them grow faster. fed to pigs to make them grow faster. Various butterflied can also get stuck on this plant, so bird’s can also get stuck when trying to eat these insects and can then be hunted or collected.

Scientific name: Pisonia umbellifera, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

Yellow-striped sweetlips (male)

Example: Photo by Graham Edgar / Reef Life Survey. License: CC BY 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. kind of tree, used in canoe construction

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5128)

Example: Medicine for gonnorhea. Collect two plants and clean their roots, boil whole in 2 liters water, boil 20-40 minutes, drink the mixture hot, 2 cups a day, 3 weeks. This condition presents as a burning in the penis, along with other issues. For heavy cough, take double handful leaf, boil 10-15 minutes in 1 liter water, 2 cups day warm, for 5 days. Pods used to calm children by shaking as rattle, when they are crying.

Scientific name: Cassia, Speaker: Johnson Noar

leaf worn on head

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. herb, 2.5 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3082)

Example: To make a strap to hold the ornamental fiber "Nisei" (Plunkett et al #3077) on a person’s arm. Dry the stem, remove the fibers, and weakve into a strap. There is a legend that is told about this plant, concerning a rat and a fox. The rat and fox stole a banana from the Devil’s garden. The Devil caught the fox and told him not to come back. The rat said "lets go to the garden" and teh fox said no. The rat said "go take these leaves, and tie the leaves with coconut fiber--and he told the fox to lie down and the rat sewed the leaaves on the fox. So, the rat an

Scientific name: Donax canniformis, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

[nasasa] n. banyan growing next to house along main path. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3150)

Example: The bark of this tree is used to make a kastom strap, particularly worn in the Toka Dance, where people have different ranks, and the kastom belt of this bark shows a person’s rank.

Scientific name: Ficus cf. tinctoria, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

tattoo

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[nate̤hi̤j] n. well branched tree, 4 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3125)

Example: Children from Tanna and throughout Vanuatu use this plant to make a slingshot. As a "medicine," when chickens are ruining your garden, if you plant this plant it will chase away the chickens.

Scientific name: Ervatamia orientalis, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. large tree, 10-14 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3124)

Example: The wood of this plant smells bad. It is locally called a type of "stink wood." When young children get circumsized in kastom ways, to change the leaves for their bandage, take off the bark of this stem, take the inside part and scrape it--mix a handful of hte scrapings with grated coconut, put it together in a leaf, put it on the fire, heat it, when the coconut is browned, squeeze it together to get the "milk" that is yellow in color. When young children swim in saltwater to dry the cut from the circumcision, squeeze this on that area to help heal it. Another use is to tr

Scientific name: Dysoxylum amooroides, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

daylight, sunshine

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. tree, 8 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2985)

Example: Fuel: Dry portions of this plant are used as firewood. Construction: The timber of this plant is used to create roof members of local houses. It is not considered a strong wood.

Scientific name: Macaranga dioica, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. ladder

Speaker: Jean Eskar

I am angry

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of vine

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. 1. yam, 2. year, annual cycle

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my knee

Speaker: Martial wahe

n my big toe

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. herb growing on roadside along coast road. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3169)

Example: This plant is used by dogs who have an upset stomach. They go to eat this grass and then their stomachs feel better. Pigs feed on this grass.

Scientific name: Eleusine indica, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

kind of yam, produces a tuber with a white flesh and red skin. It is easy to grow

Example: Soft when cooked

Scientific name: Dioscorea spp., Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. kind of tree (Cerbera odollam) (with poisonous fruit with white sap inside tree and fruit)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

alcoholic drink

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of thick grass

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of tree used for making house posts

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of tree with sticky fruit, fruit is not eaten by people, only by birds

Speaker: Martial Wahe

White-freckled surgeonfish

Example: Photo by J. E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Acanthurus maculiceps via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

West (cardinal direction)

Speaker: Martial wahe

kind of taro, has white flesh

Example: Is a soft taro variety good for boiling or roasting. It grows very tall

Scientific name: Colocasia esculenta, Speaker: Johnson Noar

Dusky parrotfish, swarthy parrotfish

Example: Photo by J. E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Scarus niger via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Tricolour parrotfish

Example: Photo by Bernard Dupont / Flickr, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Scarus tricolor via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

my younger brother’s wife

Speaker: Wahe Martial

n. black pig

Speaker: Martial Wahe

chicken

Speaker: Martial Wahe

candy

Speaker: Martial Wahe

egg white

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. a type of banana, often fermented to make banana beer

Speaker: Martial Wahe

African Giant Snail

Example: Photo by buggirl13 / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Lissachatina fulica via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

Striped Phyllidopsis

Example: Photo by eschlogl / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Phyllidiopsis xishaensis via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5047)

Example: To increase milk flow in a nursing mother, take a double handful of leaves and put in 1 liter of water. Drink one bottle twice a day for three days.

Scientific name: Alternanthera brasiliana, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Pickhandle barracuda

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Sphyraena jello via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n slingshot

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Humpback unicornfish

Example: Photo by wahe Martial

Scientific name: Naso brachycentron via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe