Nafe (Kwamera)

v pray, communicate with the supernatural

Speaker: Martial wahe

v. sweep, clear away garden debris

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

v 1. weigh, scale, measure, measure out; 2. hook down (as a coconut with a bamboo pole)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v gum (as one’s food)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v snack on, eat (coconut wrapped in fig leaves, for example)

Speaker: Martial wahe

v suckle, nurse

Speaker: Martial wahe

v tr warm, dry by fire

Speaker: Martial wahe

v mispronounce, misspeak, speak differently

Speaker: Martial wahe

v lead (as an animal), tie a rope around to lead, drive, drive on

Speaker: Wahe Martial

v help, assist

Speaker: Wahe Martial

fruit

Speaker: Martial Wahe

v. poison (for example a fish)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

lady finger bananas

Scientific name: Bislama, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. French

Speaker: Martial Wahe

I am happy

Speaker: Martial Wahe

v I eat

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Iakunwis, home of Nipikinwan tribe

Speaker: Martial Wahe

octopus

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. a minor kava drinking place, see imwarɨm

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. a type of fungus that grows on trees, can be fried and eaten

Speaker: Martial Wahe

t.o Golden Silk Orb-weaver

Example: Photo by saw_it / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Nephila tetragnathoides via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Scarlet Percher

Example: Photo by givernykate / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Diplacodes haematodes via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n antenna of insect

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Teal Emo Skink

Example: Photo by flecksy / iNaturalist, License: CC-BY-NC via inaturalist.org

Scientific name: Emoia cyanogaster via inaturalist.org, Speaker: Martial wahe

n. kind of tree with edible leaves

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. basket made of a woven coconut frond

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

kind of mushroom

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5072)

Example: House posts, rafters, good for building in Tanna. Scrape stem in cup and squeeze with water into a glass to give someone with heavy menstrual bleeding. 1 stem to fill a cup, mix with water, 1 liter /day for 7 days. Shark causes bleeding, maybe the person ate too much shark. This will solve that. This plant is called "medicine of the shark".

Scientific name: Melicope, Speaker: Johnson Noar

white meat of clam

Speaker: Martial Wahe

stone wall

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n kind of shellfish, possibly abalone

Speaker: Martial Wahe

wooden bench

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Broadbilled Flycatcher

Scientific name: Myiagra caledonica, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of plant with sticky seed pods, seeds used medicinally for many ailments, including stomach ache

Speaker: Martial Wahe

num four

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of breadfruit

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. low-growing herb, growing in dense forest heavily impacted by cyclone. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3259)

Example: When a person has diarrhea with blood (dysentery) , this is the plant medicine used to treat it. Take leaves and squeeze juice into a cup of water and give this to the person who is ill. One teaspoon for young children and for an adult 1 full cup in the morning each day until fully cured.

Scientific name: Hemigraphis reptans, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Oriental sweetlips

Example: Photo by Mark Rosenstein / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Plectorhinchus vittatus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. banana leaf

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. flower lei

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5166)

Example: For the kastom ceremonies, this can provide the face paint color yellow. Cut open the ripe fruit and paint directly with this. Prior to artificial colors, people used this for yellow and Bixa orellana for red to paint faces and skin.

Scientific name: Dendrobium, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n fish species: possibly lung fish? (is this attested in Vanuatu?)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n volcano bomb

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. sweet potato

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

roots of pandanus

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of sugarcane, small, yellow in color

Speaker: Martial Wahe

planet name

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Dusky parrotfish, swarthy parrotfish

Example: Photo by J. E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Scarus niger via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

Mountain

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. manioc

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

Elongate surgeonfish (sea)

Example: Photo by Paddy Ryan / www.ryanphotographic.com, License: CC BY-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Acanthurus mata via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Rough triggerfish, spotted oceanic triggerfish, oceanic triggerfish

Example: Photo by Ross Robertson / Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific online information system, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Canthidermis maculata via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Pink ear emperor

Example: Photo by FAO / Fishbase, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Lethrinus lentjan via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

[napeɨn] n. machete marks on tree

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Lemonfish, gold-spotted sweetlips (male)

Example: Photo by Richard Ling / Flickr, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. species of coconut with green nuts

Speaker: Martial Wahe

disturbance

(Bislama) disteb

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5091)

Example: When the fruit is ripe, it is put in a pot with water. Fill half of a large bag (2 liters) with fruit, add this to 2 liters of water and macerate the fruit in the water. Drink 2 cups/day of this extract, morning and afternoon, for one week to make skin oily when it is too dry. This is necessary, for example, when a person drinks too much kava and thir skin dries out. Eat young fruits as a protection from someone who wants to do you harm. It is said that the fruit has 10 eyes, and can watch after you. Cover fish with leaves to cook in a fire. Crush and boil pieces of the stem and leaves and

Scientific name: Morinda citrifolia, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. Coleus sp.

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. liana growing on trunk of hedycarya dorstenioides, in dense forest along ridge. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3004)

Example: Hunting: Flying foxes are attracted to this plant for their red fruits. As a result, hunters gather around this plant when they desire to hunt the flying fox.

Scientific name: Piper austrocaledonicum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

[nakəskəs apran] n. small fern growing on decaying log in dense forest. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3121)

Scientific name: Asplenium cf. caudatum, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5060)

Example: Kastom medicine to ascertain the type of sickness a person has. Take two small 6 in. long branches with leaves, and place this on the person along with another unspecified plant. Will help diagnosis.

Scientific name: Breynia disticha, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. sparsely branched shrub, 3 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3081)

Example: The leaves of this plant are warmed over a fire and put warm on the legs of a person who is cold or has a headache, such as from a fever that comes with the flu. See 3076 for additional comments on this technique.

Scientific name: Acalypha wilkesiana, Speaker: Martial Wahe

coconut leaf sheath

Speaker: Martial Wahe

kind of coconut, has the largest fruit of any coconut and the fruit is more oblong in shape

Example: The fiber from this variety (from the sheath base) is used for kastom ceremonies to cover kava when the young boys are coming out from their circumcision houses. This fiber is also wrapped around the middle of a bow to give it strength and help prevent it from cracking. The fiber can also be used to make a sleeping hammock as it is strong and clean

Scientific name: Cocos nucifera, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5145)

Example: Cut branches, dry in the sun until the leaves fall out, and then tie branches together to make broom. Stem used for canoe outrigger.

Scientific name: Murraya paniculata, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5092)

Example: Wood is hard to make house posts. Stem to make bow for hunting birds, fruit bat.

Scientific name: Casuarina equisetifolia, Speaker: Johnson Noar

excrement

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. kind of tree with stinging leaves (Semecarpus vitiensis)

Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

kind of breadfruit, has small fruits that are more oblong than round

Example: The stem of this variety is good for canoe-making as it will last for many years of use

Scientific name: Artocarpus altilis, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n. type of flowering plant (collection: Michael J. Balick #5158)

Example: When a person is stung by a jellyfish, take 5-6 leaves and whip the sore for 5-10 minutes and this will reduce the soreness of the wound.

Scientific name: Ipomoea pes-caprae, Speaker: Johnson Noar

n vegetable

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. fruit (general)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. tree, 10-12 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3142)

Example: The wood from this tree makes a very good timber. Hunters know that the flying fox and pigeons like to eat the ripe fruits from this tree, so hunt near them when it is ripe.

Scientific name: Elaeocarpus angustifolius, Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. herb growing on roadside along coast road. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3169)

Example: This plant is used by dogs who have an upset stomach. They go to eat this grass and then their stomachs feel better. Pigs feed on this grass.

Scientific name: Eleusine indica, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

beginning

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Kwamera language

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my earlobe

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. kind of kava with variegated leaves

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. coconut spathe

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. tree, growing in disturbed forest/garden area. (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3105)

Example: People eat the young leaves, boiling them in water until they are soft and ready to eat. Or, the green leaves are edible when raw, put coconut flesh and salt in the leaf and eat.

Scientific name: Ficus wassa, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

reef, growing coral

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n moonlight

Speaker: Martial wahe

n. kind of tree (used for house posts)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

meat

Speaker: Martial wahe

Yellowband parrotfish

Example: Photo by Andy A. Lewis / Lizard Island Research Station, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Scarus schlegeli via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

Blue-spotted large-eye bream

Example: Photo by J. E. Randall, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Gymnocranius microdon via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe

n. shrub, 3 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #3038)

Example: Hunting: The wood of the tree is used, as the body of a spear, to hunt fishes and turtles. To fashion the spear, an appropriate length of wood is cut, debarked, heated (to straighten) and then topped with an iron point. Note: Iaruman is the name of the male form of this plant. Prane is the female form of this plant. This plant is considered the same as Rapanea amischocarpa.

Scientific name: Tapeinosperma scrobiculatum, Speaker: Emmanuel Maasi

awareness or preaching

Example: awareness of health or church gospel

Speaker: Martial Wahe

his/her mum, his/her mother

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Mackerel scad

Example: Photo by David R / iNaturalist.org, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Decapterus macarellus via FishBase, Speaker: Martial Wahe

honey

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[tanaka sori] thank you

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n my lung

Speaker: Martial wahe

kind of seashell

Speaker: Martial Wahe

n. tree, 6 m tall

Example: Photo by Martial Wahe

Scientific name: Claoxylon fallax, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

belt made of tapa, traditionally used to hold up men’s penis wrappers

Speaker: Martial Wahe

[tʰãmijen] n. small tree, 4 m tall (collection: Gregory M. Plunkett #2984)

Example: Fuel: Dry portions of this plant are used as firewood.

Scientific name: Pipturus argenteus, Speaker: Jean Pascal Wahe

v I planted yam (only yam we can use this word ’yakawi’ that mean planted)

Speaker: Martial Wahe

Dash-and-dot goatfish

Example: Photo by ANFC, License: CC BY-NC 3.0 via Fishes of Australia

Scientific name: Parupeneus barberinus via FishBase, Speaker: Chief Nalau Nasip & Martial Wahe