Gutob English

his father’s father

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[yet pig=obj you.pl rdpl~eat=obj neg=give=pl] ‘you all have not given food to the pigs yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Defamed, Defamation

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

jaw, animals

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

house, rented

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

choose

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Give

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

others

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

slide

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

spit (v)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Bija tree

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

strong

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Create

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

put, keep, fill (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

water, plenty of

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[short man] ‘short man’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

queue up

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[I daily village=dir go=pst=1] ‘I went to the village every day’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

here (gen), akna ’of this place’

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

this and that

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Bat (animal)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

heat (v)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[pig obj-3pron yet see=pst.ii neg=aux=pst.i] ‘the pig had not seen her yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

tick-tock

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

pain

Speaker: Komla Sisa

Cowdung cake

Speaker: Komla Sisa

[woman pig=obj rdpl~eat=obj rdpl~give neg=aux] ‘the woman will not have given food to the pig’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[woman obj-I see=npst] ‘the woman will see me’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Ant, big red

Speaker: Komla Sisa

way

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Corn

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

murderer, murderess

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[man rdpl~eat neg.cop] ‘the man didn’t eat’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[man=pl neg=go=pst.i aux=pst.i=pl] ‘the men had not gone’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron obj=we yet see=pst.ii neg=aux] ‘he had not seen us two yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron=pl cry=pl neg=aux=pst.i] ‘they two had not cried’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron=pl both=obj cold rdpl~lv neg.cop] ‘they2 didn’t have a cold’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron=pl sleep=pst.i=pl] ‘they slept’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

that one, he

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

that, after

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Curry spoon

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

which

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Aunty (mother’s elder sister)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Awaken (itr.)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

leader of group

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

storage basket

Example: Photo by Opino Gomango

Speaker: Bondu Kirsani

Bald

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[we see.exprssv.rdpl neg=lv=neg.tam=1pl] ‘we will not see each other’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[we rdpl~die go=1pl neg.cop] ‘we haven’t died’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Flourish

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

child

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I die=pst.i=1=prog] ‘I am dying’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I child=obj wash.water=npst=1] ‘I wash the baby’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I=gen prtcl one=indef pig neg=cop=pst.i now three=clssfr cop=npst] ‘I didn’t used to have (any) pigs, now I have three’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

my wife

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[I obj-you neg-know=1] ‘I don’t know you’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you and I go=pst.i=1pl aux=pst.i] ‘you+I had gone’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

tuber called in Desia lãngoi kãndã

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[obj-1 know neg.cop] ‘I don’t know’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[obj-you cold lv=pst.i aux=pst.i] ‘you had a cold’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[obj-you and obj-I prtcl cold neg-lv=neg.tam] ‘you+I don’t have a cold’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

inconvenience, be an

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

insert

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

show

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Half

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

tinkling sound

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

lazy

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[child=gen hand neg=wash=water=1] ‘I won’t wash the baby’s hand’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

shelf

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[you.pl both neg=go.mod=pl] ‘you two don’t go’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you.pl obj-I yet tell=pst.ii neg=aux=pst.i] ‘you had not told me yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you.pl all person rdpl~fall=2pl neg.cop] ‘you all weren’t falling’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Back (body part)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

swelling

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

heel

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

head band, a thick bladed grass

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Customer

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

oil, ink

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

sweet be

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

bamboo pole used for carrying straw

Example: Photo by Opino Gomango

Speaker: Bondu Kirsani

heard, be (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

gold

Speaker: Komla Sisa

sniff

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

plough

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Cloth Undried

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

wood

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

make light (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

lamp, wick

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

house, clay

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

when

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

rich man, money lender, trader

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Blade

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

having been

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

nevertheless

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[run:imp] ‘run! (said to one person)’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

trolley

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

see

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

snatch away (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Cross cousin, cross cousin brothers

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

post letter

Speaker: Kamla Sisa