Gutob English

[many.times=abl dem.prox story rdpl~tell=obj I think=1 aux=pst.i] ‘I have tried to tell you this story many times before’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

sir

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

visit

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Drag to

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Bring, fetch

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

rib

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

now, till

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[yet you.pl pig-obj rdpl~eat=obj neg=give=2pl] ‘you all have not given food to the pigs yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Change to

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

insane

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

they gave

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

give to another

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

wild boar

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Buffalo, male

Speaker: Komla Sisa

tip

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

many, much

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

unnecessarily

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[dem.prox woman with market=dir go=pst.i=1] ‘I went to the market with the woman’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

these people

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

in, inside, also used as a noun meaning

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

louse

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

kinsmen, relatives from the fathers side

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

excrement

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[woman laugh=pst.i=prog] ‘the woman is laughing’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

shut (door) (vb.)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

river bank

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Even a little, at all

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

little distance

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

kurey tree

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[man cooked.rice rdpl~eat neg.cop] ‘the man isn’t eating food’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

soft broom

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

cup

Example: Photo by Opino Gomango

Speaker: Tonkhodar Sisa

[3pron and I fall=pst.i aux=pst.ii=1pl] ‘he+I had fallen down’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron obj-you dem.prox=gen yet rdpl~give neg.cop] ‘she didn’t give it to you yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron obj-you rdpl~see=purp come=pst.i=prog] ‘he kept coming by to see you’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron=pl yet cry=pl neg.cop] ‘they two haven’t cried yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

that, in

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[3pron eat=pst.ii=prog] ‘she is eating’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Affiance

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Dancing ground

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

maternal grandmother

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Addition

Speaker: Komla Sisa

male calf of cow

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

where, to

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[big-adj dog] ‘big dog’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

return back

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

head ornament

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

neighbor, a person living in an adjacent room

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[we never=emph/indef fish neg=cook=1pl] ‘we never cook fish’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Group leader

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Father’s younger brother’s wife

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

Aunty (mother’s younger sister)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I daily village=dir go=fut=1] ‘I will go to the village every day’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[I pig-obj rdpl~see-obj neg-cap-neg.tam] ‘I can’t see the pig’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I pig rdpl~buy=purp market=dir neg-go=1 aux=pst.i] ‘I did not go the market to buy a pig’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[I obj-3pron tell=npst=1 neg.cop] ‘I do not tell her’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I village-dir inside go neg-1 aux-pst.i] ‘I didn’t go to the village every day’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

my wife

Speaker: Komla Sisa

[I know=npst=1 dem.dist man obj-you see-pst.ii aux=npst] ‘I know that the man saw you’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[you and I sleep neg.cop] ‘you+I didn’t sleep yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you and obj-I rdpl~drunk-1pl aux=pst.i] ‘you+I were drunk’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

satellite

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[when=indef/emph market=dir go=pst.i=mod pig buy] ‘when you go the market, buy a pig’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[obj-3pron and obj-I cold rdpl~lv neg.cop] ‘he+I have not had a cold’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

pierced, be (vb.), made hot

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Come off, earring (vb.)

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

Embrace(ment)

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

tore a cloth

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

peepal tree

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

bird

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Churn to

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Cocoon

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Cotton plants

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

rice morsel

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

straw bundle

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Grass scraper

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

grass

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

make speak (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

become happy and call

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Come singing

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

silent, be

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

sugar candy

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

highland for cultivation, hill, jungle, hill field

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

sound of boiling

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Easy

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

tonight

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Egg white

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

north pole star

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Hang up Swing

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[tall man obj-I see-pst.ii] ‘the tall man sees me’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

house deity

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Fix, tuck to

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

Various castes

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Aunty (father’s younger sister)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

uproot, extract (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

thigh

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

hot, spicy

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Door, two fold

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

be quiet be

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Glitter to

Speaker: Radha Kirsani