Gutob English

give him a message (vb.)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

potato

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[yet I pig see=pst.ii neg=aux=pst.i=1] ‘we were not looking at the pigs yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[yet I=gen=abl you.pl take=pst.i=2pl neg.cop aux=pst.i] ‘you all had not taken it from me yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Fishnet

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

in spite of

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

polluted

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

oil, scented

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

smell of flower

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

tomorrow

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

separated, be

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Have someone tumbled down by another

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Cry

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

headmaster

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

slough of snake

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

suddenly leave

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

ten rupee (coin or note)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

shift cultivation

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[here what see=pst.ii=2 aux=pst.i=q] ‘what did you see here’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

As if, somehow

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Burnt

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Dislike, disregard

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

hew

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[woman obj-I push aux=pst.ii] ‘the woman pushed me’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

armpit

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

say, ask , tell a story (vb.)

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

revolve

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Banana plant

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Casserole

Speaker: Komla Sisa

Cut with axe

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

somebody

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Grain particle

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

jealous person

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Alike

Speaker: Komla Sisa

[3pron yet sleep neg.cop] ‘he didn’t sleep yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron=pl both sleep-imp/mod=pl] ‘they two sleep’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[3pron rdpl~sit neg.cop] ‘he is not sitting’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

monkey

Speaker: Komla Sisa

Dance

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

And (with verbs)

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

string together

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Big, big one, elder brother

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Grand daughter in law

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

tear (of eyes)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

leader of group

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

noon

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

But

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[we see.exprssv.rdpl lv-pst.i-1pl] ‘we saw each other’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

rice, sun dry

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[we pig=abl dem.prox=gen take=pst.i neg-aux=1pl] ‘we will not have taken it from the pigs’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

maternal aunt, younger

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

yoke

Example: Photo by Opino Gomango

Speaker: Bondu Kirsani

[I cry=pst.i=1=prog] ‘I am crying’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I I=gen right hand neg=wash.water=1] ‘I don’t wash my right hand’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I self neg-wash.hand-neg.tam=1] ‘I am not washing myself’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I obj-3pron dem.prox=gen rdpl~give=1 aux=pst.i] ‘I was not looking at her yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I market=dir pig rdpl~buy=purp neg-go=pst.i=1 aux=pst.i] ‘I did not go the market to buy a pig’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[you market=dir go=gen mod neg.cop] ‘you should not go to the market’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you die=pst.i=2 aux=pst.i] ‘you died’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you and I yet cry=1pl neg.cop aux=pst.i] ‘you+I weren’t crying yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you=gen without I how live=fut=1] ‘How can I live without you?’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Chase, drive away, expel (vb.)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[obj-I thirst(y) lv=pst.ii=prog] ‘I’m thirsty’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[obj-you cold aux=fut] ‘you have a cold’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[obj-you.pl both=obj cold neg-lv=neg.tam] ‘you two don’t have a cold’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Abuse (vb.)

Speaker: Komla Sisa

surprise

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

[you.pl yet obj-we what quot rdpl~tell=2pl neg=aux=pst.i] ‘you had not told us yet’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you.pl both sleep=pst.i=2pl=prog] ‘you two are sleeping’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[you.pl neg.antic-sleep aux=pst.i] ‘you weren’t sleeping’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[I go=pst.i=2pl aux=pst.i] ‘you had gone’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

Bitter

Speaker: Komla Sisa

nest

Speaker: Komla Sisa

break (vt)

Speaker: Komla Sisa

till

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

red, colored

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

Grass

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

Conceal something (vb.)

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

sixty

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

taken to the field to light a cigar)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

hold

Speaker: Komla Sisa

Eat, drink (vb)

Speaker: Radha Kirsani

flat place

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[Sonja where rdpl~cop cop=pst.i] ‘where was Sonja living?’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[dem.dist pig] ‘that pig’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[dem.dist man neg-die-pst.i aux-fut] ‘the man will not die’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

orphanage

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

let us go sister (female speaking to female)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[which person you=gen name rdpl~say neg.cop obj-3pron see=pl] ‘The man I did not tell your name to saw me’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

[no dem.dist person-obj rdpl~see=1 neg.cop] ‘no I don’t see the man’

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

yes

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

thresh and separate with stick (vb.)

Speaker: Kamla Sisa

[water drink=npst=1] ‘I will drink water’

Speaker: Bondu Kirsani

[tall man] ‘tall man’

Speaker: Tonkodhar Sisa

cook (person)

Speaker: Bondu Kirsani

slap, clap

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Dash down

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Various castes

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa

Bunch

Speaker: Komla Sisa

imagine, imagination

Speaker: Tonkhodhar Sisa