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aapu kai

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[aapu kai] n. showy; ostentatious (person)

abyuñ

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[abjũ] v. give a finishing touch by filling up soil (of a hole in the soil) or by binding

adiñ diñpúu

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[adĩ dĩpúu] n. white or grey hair

afú

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[aʎú] v. lose something; misplace

aju’

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[aɉuɁ] adj. weak; frail; feeble; sick; ailing

aliñ

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[alĩ] v. make something round; wind a quantity of yarn or thread into a ball (esp. by using a kind of spinning wheel)

ami’ ácì

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[amiɁ ácì] n. conjunctivitis; eye disease

arlv

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[arlǝ] adj. hard; firm; rigid; strong

atúu

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[atúu] n. progeny; young; offspring; baby animal

axáa tayú

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[axáa tajú] adj. mature; elderly

ayóo zacù

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[ajóo ɲacù] n. upper lip

azañ

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[aɲã] n. year

aziñ ziñpvr

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[aɲĩ ɲĩpǝr] n. nipple

balu

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[balu] n. garden

be’lw

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[beɁlɨ] n. next door neighbor

buulì

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[buulì] n. variety of rats seen after bamboo flowering in large numbers

ce’

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[ceɁ] v. press or squeeze; sandwich; compress

damu

Photo by Tage Kanno
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[damu] n. wooden digging stick used as an agricultural implement

Example: Photo by Tage Kanno

díiñ

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[díĩ] v. curse

dùusa

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[dùusa] v. sit at a distance

e’la’

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[eɁlaɁ] adj. good in shooting

empyañ sudu

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[empjã sudu] n. bamboo container to store grains for poultry

Example: Photo by Tage Kanno

ene’

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[eneɁ] adv. without reason; without purpose; without work

fiifi’

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[ʎiiʎiɁ] adj. horrifying

harbyañ

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[harbjã] adj. full (as of moon)

hi’su-ho’su

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[hiɁsu-hoɁsu] adj. nonplussed; disconcerted; stumped; at a loss

ho’ko-ho’pe

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[hoɁko-hoɁpe] adj. tangled; knotty

hoi

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[hoi] v. be; happen

hoó

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[hoó] adj. spacious; roomy; capacious

hwwnw

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[hɨɨnɨ] n. cow

hóo

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[hóo] v. feed (esp. an animal)

imi’

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[imiɁ] n. sitting space around the traditional fireplace

Example: Photo by Tage Kanno

ixò hóonw

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[ixò hóonɨ] n. the person who sponsors the dry meat distributed to the participants of penw procession, usually a close relative of the main sponsor of Muruñ

iñdiñ-iñkó

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[ĩdĩ-ĩkó] n. direction; way forward; way ahead

ji

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[ɉi] adj. black

jije

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[ɉiɉe] n. truth

kaji tiñ

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[kaɉi tĩ] v. sneeze

kanulo

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[kanulo] n. weekdays

ko’

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[koɁ] v. to divine an omen by examining a chicken liver

koñci patañ

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[kõci patã] n. labour gang that works early in the morning

kwri harnw

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[kɨri harnɨ] n. businessman; broker; agent; middleman

la’siñ

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[laɁsĩ] n. forearm

lañgya

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[lãgja] adj. (dog) with a white neck

luluñ

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[lulũ] v. frighten by speaking; scare; intimidate

luxè

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[luxè] v. speak rudely; speak brusquely

lwci

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[lɨci] n. left (leg)

ma’lañ

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[maɁlã] n. many; numerous; abundant

ma’lo

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[maɁlo] conj. either; or

meñdw

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[mẽdɨ] n. buffalo

mi’be’ amu

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[miɁbeɁ amu] n. eyelash

miji’ lañcu

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[miɉiɁ lãcu] n. Adam’s apple

mocu’

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[mocuɁ] v. kiss

muja

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[muɉa] n. socks

muñdo

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[mũdo] n. girlfriend; female lover

mwme-mwja

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[mɨme-mɨɉa] v. complete; finish

mwmi’

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[mɨmiɁ] v. extinguish; douse; put out (fire)

o sadvr

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[o sadǝr] n. bamboo funnel for filtering beer

pa

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[pa] post. purposive case marker

pa’ga

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[paɁga] n. long supporting post on both sides of a traditional Apatani house

pa’po

Photo by Tage Kanno
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[paɁpo] n. a bamboo pole suspended horizontally on the side wall of the house for keeping clothes

Example: Photo by Tage Kanno

petú

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[petú] v. break something into two or more pieces

pidú

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[pidú] n. pork intestine along with attached fat; such meat of sacrificed animals traditionally offered to the eldest living sister by the younger ones.

popvr

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[popǝr] n. butterfly

poxe

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[poxe] n. a variety of beer considered inferior in quality

pwdiñ xotu

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[pɨdĩ xotu] n. metal skewer for hair knot

Example: Photo by Tage Kanno

pwsa leñda

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[pɨsa lẽda] n. a variety of highly decorated and colorful skirt for young girls

rica

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[rica] v. throw something up

rixa’

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[rixaɁ] v. miss the target while throwing

ro’po

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[roɁpo] n. cock

sa’riñ

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[saɁrĩ] n. cough

saq

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[saŋ] n. cot; bed

sarja’

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[sarɉaɁ] v. rip; tear

subu swbo

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[subu sɨbo] n. mithun bull

Example: Photo by Tage Kanno

suh

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[suh] n. spring

swbuñ

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[sɨbũ] n. sheep

ta’ti

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[taɁti] n. cockroach

tadvr

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[tadǝr] n. parasitic worm

tago’

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[tagoɁ] v. ignore (listening)

tapañ dafi

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[tapã daʎi] n. east

tar

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[tar] v. bend; break

tarluñ

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[tarlũ] adj. barren; childless

tase

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[tase] n. sago palm; tree fern (Cyathea gigantea)

tañkañ

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[tãkã] adv. drink or smoke for a long time

twdw

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[tɨdɨ] adj. short

twniñ

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[tɨnĩ] n. variety of a plant; wild sesame (Perilla frutescens)

túcé

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[túcé] v. break something by kicking

u

[uu] letter name u the letter representing u in the Apatani alphabet

wtw bwrw

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[ɨtɨ bɨrɨ] n. bamboo shoot

xaq

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[xaŋ] n. bed; cot

xeda harnw

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[xeda harnɨ] n. special messenger, usually female, who informs about a ritual like Subu or Muruñ to the traditional friends in other villages

xwjañ

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[xɨɉã] n. small intestine

xáa

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[xáa] v. bark (of a barking deer)

yorbw

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[jorbɨ] n. uphill

zaa

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[ɲaa] v. point; aim; direct

zima

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[ɲima] cop. there isn’t; copula negator

zima’

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[ɲimaɁ] n. war; enemy

zimuñ

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[ɲimũ] n. young woman

ákó-ákó

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[ákó-ákó] pron. one by one; one after the other

áyò yoofañ

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[ájò jooʎã] n. late night

óòpa’

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[óòpaɁ] v. hoe off; dig out